총 8페이지

THEORY&CRITIQUE
7
www.theargus.org
SEPTEMBER29,2006
Recentideology,wheretogo?
Digest&Focus
Meaningofideologychangedasbeingpoliticalterms
Alertonecologyraised
because it agitates the general public to
ByNam-SeokHo
trigger campaign and it makes organization
Focus
ByLeeHyae-myung
ReporterofTheory&CritiqueSection
formaccordingtoembodyingone’spolitical
As many newspapers, magazines, and
EditorialConsultant
creed.
other media report, “El Nino”
N
owadays, ideology means a belief
phenomenon is expected to strike the
system that holds strong power
Ideologyandtheactualsociety
Digest
globe this winter. “El Nino” is a well-
O
controlling human behavior. Naturally, the
Later days, ideology enters on a new
n September 23, the 30th HIMUN
knowntermfortheabnormalatmospheric
origin of ideology started from Destutt de
phase; it is different from the firstly
General Assembly took place at
phenomena that describes the water
Tracy, a philosopher of France. After the
enormousaimofTracyinrelationtopolicy.
ConferenceCentreofCOEX.Thetilefor
temperatureincreaseattheequatorareaof
FrenchRevolution,Tracytriedtoovercome
Forthefirsttime,Tracymeantthatideology
thisyearwas“UnitedNationsFramework
East Pacific Ocean. For this year, it is
the wild anarchism of Maximilien
is the science of ideas to hold up social
Convention on Climate Change and
reportedthattheseatemperaturehasrisen
Robespierreinsocialdisorder.Heredefined
regulations and offer the cause of scientific
Responsibility of International Society”
intherangeof0.5℃to1.0℃ascompared
the concept of ideology; it is the science of
acknowledge
through
systematic
co-hosted by HUFS International Model
to the one from the last year, since May.
ideas free from bias. Based on observation,
explanationaboutideas’birth,combination,
United Nations (HIMUN) and the
Such phenomenon brings atmospheric
oneshouldbeabletobuildthefoundationof
and communication. But it becomes a one-
Ministry of Environment. 13 participants
disasters. For example, in the South
education,ethics,andpoliticalorder.
sided political term. Then, meaning and
from 13 countries such as Republic of
Hemisphere, contagious diseases like
contentofconceptitselfstarttodegenerate.
South Africa, South Korea, Germany,
Malaria occur due to the higher
Tracy’sscienceofideas
After all, it turns into the scornful object,
Russian Federation, U.S.A, Saudi Arabia,
temperature and in the Northern
Tracy structurally analyzed an idea and
according to the meaning of ideology is
Argentina Republic, United Kingdom,
Hemisphere, a cold wave and heavy
human sense and described concretely how
changed from the strict science including
India, Japan, China, Canada, and Tuvalu,
snowfalloccursfrequently.In1998,Korea
Today,thecontradictionofideologyisrevealedinsociety.
they are formed and united. He also had
affirmation,graduallytoabstractandfictive
shareddiverseopinionsontheissue.
also experienced catastrophic snowfalls
studied a new science to examine what the
negative meanings such as fake, bias, and
misleading the understanding of a mankind
ideas. After ending a sharp opposition of
Atthebeginningoftheconvention,each
that brought out 751 victims and the
result is. Tracy thought that a human being
prejudice,asymbolofreligion,superstition,
aboutreality.
ideology between the U.S. and the Soviet
presenter spoke of their nation’s position
uncountableamountofeconomicloss.
doesn’t know the truth; rather they can
and a false ceremony. The first runner was
Union during the cold war, the end of
concerning the climate change. Diverse
Although these environmental changes
realize only a formed idea through human
Napoleon, the emperor of France. He
Transmutationofconceptofideology
ideology era arrives. However, as ever
opinions were exchanged, but all
may seem unrealistic, it is true that the
sense. And if these sense and ideas are
estimatedtheideasofTracytobedangerous
Karl Marx, the philosopher of Germany,
ideology coexists with the human society,
participants made it clear that the issue is
world is facing it at the very moment.
structurallyanalyzed,itwouldfirmlyforma
for his autocracy-ambition. As a result,
grasped ideology as an idea restraining
ideology has been nearly understood as a
an urgent matter which needs every
Tuvalu,thecountrythatstronglyappealed
foothold of all scientific knowledge. Based
Napoleon indicated the fiction of ideology
mankind.Laterdays,theconceptofideology
meaning of moral contempt usually. In the
country’sglobalcooperationintheworld.
their worries about the issue at HIMUN
onthetheory,Tracydefinedideologythatis
andrebukeditasanabstractdogmawhichis
of Marx has developed into the general
political field, ideology is nearly known as
After the presentations and brief idea
this year, is actually one of the countries
a science of ideas. Because of relating all
farfrompoliticalentity.Thatis,thepupilsof
conceptunderthechangeofsocialstructure
aninsultingremark.Thatis,itisusedwhen
exchanges, full scaled discussions took
thataredirectlyfacingthethreatofclimate
scientific knowledge to the combination of
Tracy are condemned because they are
andhistory.Herecognizedthattheclasswho
politiciansbelongingtootherpartycondemn
place to adjust each assertion on three
change due to global warming. Two of
idea, ideology can be called as a science.
known as an ideologue group intriguing a
govern the material influence of the society
mutual ideology. For example, a person
agenda items. The agenda items were
eight islands that constitute the country
Above all, an initial concern of Tracy is to
newsystem.
willdominateintellectualinfluence.Thatis,
makes a decision, based on not the actual
“Countermeasure System to Climate
disappeared into the sea. The only safest
analyze man’s various capacities about
Thesecondrunnerwastheenlightenment
he regarded that ideology is an idea system
condition but the life concern of his group
Change after 2012”, “Adaptation Fund,”
area of the country is a hill at the capital
emotion, thought, memory, judgment, will,
ideologists. For example, superstition
expressingtheinterestoftherulingclassasa
includinghimself.Thepersonalsodistortsto
and “Technology Transfer Regarding
Funafuti,whichisonly5metersabovethe
and action. In other words, he regarded his
captivates human mind through
manufactured form. Ideology expresses the
lead another person’s decision toward the
Climate Change Adaptation and
sea. The country has agreed on migrating
studyaszoology.Heattemptedtodissectthe
uncontrollable power intercepting rational
interestoftherulingclassesinthemeaning
favorable side. Nowadays, these problems
Mitigation.” The discussion was made
75 people every year to New Zealand
ideas, as if a biologist dissects bugs. He
discussion. Then, the superstition is
of reflecting ambition, because the ruling
comefrequentlyinourcountry.Nobodyhas
strictly following the procedures of the
since2002.
approached to ideology in the thorough
pessimisticinthatitisanobstacleblocking
classwantstokeepandguaranteetheirstatus
concerns to deliver and understand proper
actual United Nations. The participants
Natural disaster is one of the most
frameofnaturalism.Tracy’sideologychases
scientificacknowledge.Thisopinionraisesa
inthespecialhistoricera.Ontheotherhand,
situationintheconflictofproandanti-North
argued and tried to represent and protect
fearful phenomenon for human beings,
the idea which is deeply concerned in the
questionaboutthesocialfunctionofreligion
Marxbelievedthatideologyissomethingto
Korean, pro and anti-American,
the belonging nation’s standpoints and
becausehumanarehelplesslypowerlessin
side of material through human sense.
in the light of science. Since then, it also
operate in the situation where revolution
conservatism and progressivism. They just
profits. This ultimately brought out two
frontofthesuperiorityofnature.However,
However, the science of ideas emphasizes
shows criticism about religion in relation to
consciousness is weakened. That is, Marx
repeat their opinion. Ideology which
global voices from developed countries
one will have to rethink and realize that
thatactionistheinteractionprocessbetween
the problem of ideology. And here,
analyzedthatideologymakesindividualsto
excludes the external opinion can separate
and developing countries. Developed
some of these disasters are caused by
human and physical environment. For
enlightenment of ideologists attributed the
move toward the past rather than the future
people from the groups. The solution is
countries such as the United States
human beings themselves. The solution
example,mankindrelyonsenseswhichare
causeofideologicalbiasandfictionideato
anditconcealsclassrelationsandhelpskeep
getting out of a partially focused ideology
maintainedstrongopinionsoneco-friendly
mightlieinthehandsofmankind.
gainedfromtheexteriorobject.Ontheother
religion because the religion and church
therulingclass’structure.
spectrum and heading for opened attitudes
technological development and hoped for
jorongi@hufs.ac.kr
hand, these senses which are incorrectly
adheredcloselywiththeoldstructure.Most
thatenablescommunicationsmutually.Kang
equal responsibility about the issue,
Anna/TheArgus
arrangedfromhumanmind,leadpeopletoa
peoplehadrecognizedthemasamechanism
Characterofmoderntimesideology
Tae-kyu, the professor of HUFS who is in
whereas developing countries such as
wrong conclusion. By observing the
thatjustifiesapoliticalrule.
The first characteristic is aggressive
charge of “Modern Ideology” class, said,
IndiaandChinainsistedthatthecountries
transition of sense to idea, people can
The third runner was the actual proof
revolutionary thoughts. It assaults the
“Thepartyhavetoavoidextremeideology.
wereincapableofputtingtheenvironment
understand that there is a failed pattern
ideologist.Theseideologistsregardideology
preexisting politics system. It emphasizes
Conservation cannot be its avatar itself
in front of industrial development which
existing. He insisted that since then, people
as prejudice to obstruct rationality to reach
revolutionary change and objects to
because conservation can support the
could threaten the actual living. Also,
willkeepawayfromtheerror.
thetruthandasafictionideatobeexpelled
maintenance of the status quo. The second
progress or reform by the existing state of
participants argued on getting more
Historical background of the reason that
from the area of scientific acknowledge.
characteristic is democratic because it
things. For example, recently, there is the
support and help from the international
ideologyhasanegativemeaning.
That is, they regarded ideology as an
spreadsoutbythepeople’sname.However,
emergenceofthereformfortheconservative
society.
The phenomenon of ideology under the
irrationalthingcapturedbyimagination.And
it is also a campaign of minority authority
force.”
historical process is criticized as implied
theyinsistedthatideologyisaphenomenon
elites.Thethirdcharacteristicisbehaviorism
zorro@hufs.ac.kr
MunBo-gi(T-99)
Shadowofsuicide
Expandingrangeofhistoricaltopics
whichdonotbreakaway
observed, when the regulation of society is
ByNamSeok-ho
attenuatedaboutanindividual.Ontheother
the English People” (731) is a good
In the first few decades of the 20th
empirical evidence to be used and the
ReporterofTheory&CritiqueSection
hand,itoccurswhenthevaluesorthesocial
exampleofthis.Anewwayoflookingat
century the tradition of empirical and
range of theories to be consulted have
standards are in a confused condition. For
thepastwasfosteredbytheRenaissance.
narrative history steadfastly held its
expanded in the recent years, there has
A
ccording to Korea National Statistical
example, this is found from people
Although still concerned mostly with
ground. Since World War II, however,
been at the same time a constant debate
Office,Koreapresentedthetopsuicide
experiencing anomie, like a person who
politics and kings, the analysis in this
historians have increasingly engaged with
about how sources should be interpreted.
rate among countries in OECD for three
suddenlygetsdivorcedafteralongmarriage.
period shifted more and more to the
theory as a way to enrich their
Influenced by postmodernism, which
yearsinarow.Thesuicideratehasdoubled
PaikSang-chang,headoftheKoreaSocial
questionofhistoricalcausation.
explanationsofthepast.Thedisciplineof
refers to a cluster of ideas that reject the
in ten years. Especially, 33 people
Pathology Institute, said, “The reason why
The 18th century Enlightenment
history began to take hints from other
possibilitythatatextisatransparentpiece
committed suicide in a day in the last year.
the suicide rate of Korea increases is based
equipped history with the values of
scholarly disciplines, which helped
of evidence which historians can employ
Emile Durkheim, a scholar who studied the
onaftereffectfollowedbythesuddensocial
skepticism and empiricism and the need
broaden its subjects. The most influential
to elucidate the past, more and more
phenomenon of suicide for a long time,
change. In 1960s of the postwar days of
for a more rigorous analysis of change
branch of history emerged in this period:
historiansbegantoarguethatwecannever
argued that everything can be the cause of
modernization, the suicide rate was
overtime.Forexample,EdwardGibbon’s
social history, which generated an
reallyrecoverthefactsaboutanevent;all
suicide. He analyzed causes of suicide
considerablylow.However,thesuiciderate
“The History of the Decline and Fall of
approach known as history from below.
that is available to us are a series of
includingreligion,marriage,family,divorce,
increased through democratization
the Roman Empire” (1776-88) provided
The common men and women had been
discourses from the past. Hayden White,
society crisis, economic crisis, murder, and
movement in 1960-1970.” He also
an analytical framework that strove to
examined before, but now their struggles
who characterized historical analysis as
psychology. However, rather than personal
remarked, “The environment makes the
explain the evolution of the human
movedcentrestage,asintheworkofAlf
“metahistory,” is probably the most
demographical or psychological factors, he
RepublicofKoreathetopofOECD,2005.”
condition.Ifhistoryhadprimarilybeena
Leudtke on the history of every life. The
importantfigureinthistrend.
foundthatsuicidecanbeexplainedmoreby
He added, “A person, who morbidly has a
KimSang-soo
form of literature up to this time, the
history of society at first focused on the
As the new millennium begins where
the structure of society and function. The
strong sense of conscience tends to commit
modern discipline of history was
livesofworkers,butsooneveryaspectof
does the writing of history stand? History
British-AmericanAreaStudies,
phenomenon of suicide is not explained by
suicide.Forexample,astudentwhofailsat
characterizedbyanemphasisonprecision.
society came under its purview, from the
isclearlyfarfromdead.Theexpansionof
DepartmentofEnglish
individualcharacteristics.Heinsistedthatthe
the national academic aptitude test accuse
Ranke contended that history must be
study of Brazilian slavery to the English
topicsofinterestconfirmsthis,butsodoes
suicide rate should be analyzed by social
oneself frequently. This action, related with
written “as it actually happened.”
middle-classes. From a focus on class, it
the continuing interest of the general
elements connecting with the phenomenon
self-destruction is getting worse. Later, it
Influencedbyhim,historianssincethelate
has more recently embraced questions of
public in interpretations of the past.
T
ofsuicide.
leads to suicide. Moreover, because of
hewritingofhistoryhasundergonea
19th century became used to shifting
race and gender to broaden readers'
Historianspersistinstressingthatpeoplein
The first type is selfish suicide. The
receiving stress about not being capable of
significant transformation in the
through archives and employing a
understandingofarangeofcultures.
thepastexperiencedmaterialrealitiesfrom
suicide occurs when individuals do not
carrying out their life as they wish, many
recent years. New historical methods,
scientificapproach.
The Cinderella discipline of the
day to day, and they valorize rigorous
sufficiently belong to the society. He also
people have chosen suicide as a part of
sources,andtopicshavechangednotonly
Historicalworksinevitablymediatedthe
profession has been cultural history, an
attempts to uncover the past and to try to
saidthatthemoreindividualsegregatesfrom
escapism.”
ordinarypeople'sunderstandingofhistory,
politics and culture of their time. In the
areathatwasoriginallypartofintellectual
understand it. They also struggle to write
thesociety,themoresuiciderateincreases.
Ph.D.Paikadvisedforfindingasolution,
butthewaytheprofessionexaminesitself.
19thcentury,aperiodcharacterizedbythe
history. Cultural history seeks to explain
for the general reader. Thus historical
The second type is altruistic suicide. The
“In psycho-analytics, the strength of ego
From a discipline mainly concerned with
spread of nationalism, historians
thewaysinwhichdifferentcultureswork
writingremainsdynamicatthestartofthe
type of suicide occurs when the individual
preventspeoplefromsuicide.Therefore,the
affairsofstate,ithasmovedtoonewhere
increasinglyfoundaroleinmakingsense
and evolve. This is a rather broad
thirdmillennium.
lifeisreinforcedtobesacrificedforthesake
family should educate the children.
the common man and woman are probed
ofthenationandprovidingitwithapast.
definition, so it can encompass historians
of an ideal purpose such as religion and
Especially,afamilyisimportanttodoarole
for their recollections of how they lived
InBritain,forinstance,theneedtoaccount
of
religion,
gender,
leisure,
politic. Mainly, the personal life is rigidly
of parent and education institute for
theireverydaylives.Historiansnowtouch
forthegrowthoflibertyandprogressgave
entrepreneurship,orjustaboutanysubject
governed by social custom. Thus, suicide
socialization training. Above all, if the
on everything from the sacred to the
rise to the Whig interpretation of history.
as long as it explores the way cultural
can be observed altruistic. Durkheim
members of society fails to achieve what
mundane.Thisarticlewillbrieflydescribe
Bythebeginningofthe20thcenturymost
practices developed. For instance, Natalie
mentioned that altruistic suicide can be
they want,- although their sense of
thismetamorphosisofthesubject.
modernstateswerefirmlyestablishedand
Zemon Davies’ study of the imposter
found, especially in the distinctive social
frustration increases- people have to ponder
History has a history. The earliest
thedesiretobolsterthembycreatingcozy
Martin Guerre revealed the problems of
group such as an army in the modern
themselves and find their own merits. And
historians whose individual works have
historical narratives about the nation no
religion, gender, and power in early
society.
then,peoplemustexpandtheirdream.”
survived, such as Herodotus and
longerseemedquitesonecessary.Instead,
modernFrance.
The third shape is anomic suicide. For
Thucydides, focused on military history.
inkeepingwiththewidespreadcritiqueof
Whatisclearisthatalthoughhistorians
example,whenthesocietyregulatespersonal
During the Middle Ages, historians
modern society, historians began to look
have increasingly employed theories from
desire, and if the regulation disappears, the
faithfully recorded events and, as monks,
beyond the ideologies of state-building to
abroadrangeofdisciplinestheyhavealso
personal desire is definitely enlarged. Then,
often focused on the concerns of the
ask if they had considered all the reasons
clung to the use of evidence in their
the conclusion is anomic suicide. That is,
church. Bede’s “Ecclesiastical History of
forhistoricalchange.
explorationofthepast.Whilethetypesof
Durkheim said this phenomenon can be
zorro@hufs.ac.kr

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