총 8페이지

PAGE8
OCTOBER1,2000
CULTURE
argusculture@maincc.hufs.ac.kr
ReflectingStudents-MinjungSolidarityActivities
OVER
VIEW
NotwithWordsbutAction
TwoSidesto“Us”
I
n the subway, we often hear the announcement, “This station is Oksu, Oksu. The
I.FeaturesofKoreancollegestudents
on behalf of the needy. The “needy” here
dooristotheleft.”Sometimesanadditionalmessageisadded.“Ourstationisdoing
insociety
refers to people who have lost their homes
our best to make the passengers comfortable. Thank you.” Of course it’s in Korean.
C
ollegestudentsassumedaspecificrole
due to the clearing of slums. In Korea, the
WhenitistranslatedtoEnglish,“our”soundsabitstrange.Theyfrequentuseof“we”
in society in the past. As Korean
needy first appeared in large towns in the
or“our”isoneofthemostinterestinghabitsofKoreanpeople.
history shows us, students were the main
60s, owing to the rural exodus and
Whenspeakingthosewords,wedon’tpaymuchattentiontothemeaningwithin.In
group opposing the more conservative
simultaneouspopulationgrowthintheurban
thisrespect,weneedtopaymoreattentiontothequestionofwhat“we”exactlyrefers
values of society. They were the symbol of
centers.
to. The world famous violinist Sarah Chang and the architect Baek Nam-joon were
resistance and Minjung had expectations of
Binwhal started as a result of the
rankedamongthehighestintermsofpeopleofwhomKoreanscanbeproud.Asforthe
them,notwithoutreason.
government’s initiative to remove the
worldfamousKoreansabroadlikethem,peopledon’tmindincludingtheminthe“our”
The1980sclearlywasaperiodofarrested
illegally built shacks under the name of
category,whiletheattitudetowardsadoptedchildrenisquitedifferent.
development in terms of human rights and
urban development. Armed pressure by the
Afterthereleaseofthemovie,“SusanBrink’sArirang”(1991),Koreansbegantopay
politicalandeconomicfreedom.Thestudent
gangsterscontractedbythegovernmentwas
more attention to the problem of adoption. It did not overcome the feeling of
movement, usually known for its political
widespread in the 70’s and 80s’ struggle.
compassionhowever.Nowadays,thesituationisnobetterthaninthepast.Theadopted
and radical activism, is showing signs of
Thoughtheneedyhadlittleunderstandingof
childrenwhocametoKoreainsearchoftheirrealparentsaregivingtheperformances
changing its stance toward more moderate
thebigissuesandwereonlyconcernedwith
asking their true identity. Through these activities, they would expect some hopeful
tendencies. The university culture that led
their own personal interests in the early
response. The way in which the press and politicians sponsored them reflects “our”
thewayintermsofnewideologywasonce
stages, they began to raise questions about
modeofthinkinglike“weshouldtakecareofthosepoorpeopleasbestwecan.”
evaluatedasanalternativevalueagainstthe
capitalandtheabusesofnationalauthorities.
Whatexactlyarepeoplereferringtowhentheyusetheword“we”?Asweseefrom
governing culture that is commercial and
The Labor Struggle in 1987 served as
theaboveexamples,itchangesaccordingtothecontextitisused.“We”isusuallyused
selfish. In the 90s, the situation takes a
momentumforchange.
toshowtheemotionalbondbetweenKoreanpeople.Andwescarcelyhaveraisedan
WomenStudentCouncil
sudden turn. More recently, many students
Whilemilitantprotestsweresuppressedin
objectiontoit.
Acollegestudentsisteachingchildreninmilitarycampsitetown.
see past Minjung culture as somewhat
paststruggles,fromthemid-90sideological
Afewthingsoffersomeframeofreferenceinconsideringthisproblem.Firstofall,
outdatedinthatemergedfromtraditionsnow
pressure was added. The baptism of capital
thebaseofthissenseliesintheConfuciantraditionconcerningfiliallove.Asiswell
regardedasfossils.
NeedyPeopleSolidarityActivity),theseare
issues are entangled, including the
ideology through all available media made
known,ConfucianismwasthegoverningideologythatregulatedKoreansociety.Under
Theuniversitycampusoftodayisnotthe
the representative examples of this
relationship between Korea and the United
the struggle fall into confusion. However,
thissystemtherewerebasicallydifferentvaluesystemsformenandwomen,theoldand
trendsetter spawning new ideologies
movement.
Statesandtheproblemsofmixedbloodand
withthebirthof“NationalAssociationofthe
young,andyangban(thearistocraticclassintheChosunera)andsangnom(amanof
anymore. With its change into one of the
prostitution.
Withdrawed” in 1994, they scale of their
low birth). The purity of the blood that is derived from this gives the “right” moral
main consumers, students are also deeply
1. Nongwhal (Students-Farmers
The Giwhal started in 1990 through the
strugglewidened.
stance to those “ours” that are pure and clean, and forces them to comply to it. The
SolidarityActivity)
imbedded in popular culture. Students tend
efforts of a few people from “My Sister’s
exclusivesenseoftheword“we”comesfromthiscontext.
to be more diversified and individualized.
Nongwhal has its origin in Gabsan slash
Place”(Durebang:asocialwelfarefacilityin
IV. Getting to the heart of things
Alsothemodernizationprojectbetweentheperiodof1961and1987givesusanother
concerningMinjung
The trend that students are indifferent to
and burn farmers’ struggle in 1928. In the
Uijungbu). Ewha Woman’s University and
important clue. The modernization of Korea was a development-based policy. Park
social issues and obsessed with grades and
struggle against Japanese landowners’
Hanshin University students took the first
Three activities have their own separate
Jung-hee, who was the President at the time, is famous for his development and
creditscanbeunderstoodinthiscontext.
exploitation,studentsworkedwithfarmersin
meaningfulstep.Atthesecondevent,staged
meaning.Nongwhalpracticallyhelpsalotin
dictatorshippolicy.Onewayofachievinghisaimswastoemphasizetheestablishment
the day and discussed the strategies for
in 1991, Seoul & Suwon General Women
rural communities. Giwhal makes students
ofthesamenationalidentityas“Korean”.TheSaemaeulActivity,whichmadepeople
II. New vantage point of university
struggle at night. The basic contents and
Student Council prepared Giwhal
reflect on the specific situation in military
feelasenseofdutytowardtherestorationofthenation,isarepresentativeexampleof
culture
formofNongwhaltodaycomefromthis.In
systematically.Itsettleddownasoneofthe
campsite towns. And students see the
this.ThepreviousexampleofSarahChangandadoptedchildrencanalsobeunderstood
Manypeopleraisethequestionofwhether
the 1930s, the voluntary services like
most important women students’ activities
relationship between capitals and labors
in this context. When carefully considering the example, we easily notice that it is
there remains a “university culture” today.
“Bnardo” (which means “Getting into
bythistime.
through Binwhal. Basically these are all
concerned with the issue of “rank”. In other words, we include something in “our”
Theypointoutthattheuniversitycultureof
Minjung!”)hadthelimitationofbeingonlya
AfterthemurderofYoonGeum-ibyUS
“solidarity” activities not just a “social
categoryonlyifithelpsusandallowsustorisetoahigherposition.Consideringthe
todayisamerereflectionofthestatusquo.
“socialservice”.Fromthe1960stotheearly
forcesKoreain1993,peoplebegantohave
service”. Sharing the life of Minjung,
factthatduringtheperiodofmodernizationinKorea,themostimportantthingwasthe
However, university culture cannot remain
70s, the activity started featuring some
growing concerns over the women in
university students recently became more
result,itledtothesolutionofthecase.
static;onthecontraryithastoevolve.With
systematic and collective aspects. However
militarycampsitetowns.Thefourth Giwhal
awareofthevarioussocialissues.Adeeper
“We” is a good word originally. It includes the third one except I. However the
so many changes having taken place, we
students still had little understanding of the
broadened its range into the general
understandingofsocietyturnedthemintothe
meaningof“we”inourdailylifedoesnotalwaysrefertothat.Itisinclinedtohavea
needtoapproachtoMinjungculturefroma
fundamental problems associated with
prostitution area of the military campsite
veryessenceof“university”students.
self-centered connotation and makes the consciousness closed. Next time it is worth
different standpoint. Rather than addressing
farming and the basic solutions to those
town.ThesixthGiwhalin1995reducedthe
To invest these activities with life, mass
consideringwhatwereallymeanwhenwesay“we”.
issues in big rallies and demonstrations, the
problems.
area of its activities considerably. But with
student support is a must. There is a
movementcanaddressproblemsinpeople’s
Since the middle of the 70s, the real
more diverse programs it continually
tendency for only committed students to be
dailylives,issuesthatarenolessworthyof
meaning of Nonwhal was restored. At this
attractedpublicopinion.“MySister’sPlace”
involvedeverytimeandothersseemtohave
ByHongJoo-hee
consideration. The Minjung solidarity
time, students set up a long-term plan with
washeldinthebidtoreviseStatusOfForces
very little understanding or interest in
AssociateEditorofCulture&TCSection
movement needs a more human face. The
twogoals.Supportingthefarmers’activities
Agreement(SOFA) since 1996. They also
solidarity movements. However, no one
Minjung solidarity activities could be even
and gaining the Minjung spirit from this
have investigated the actual situation of
person or thing is perfect. If these activities
moremeaningfulinthissense.
werethekeynotes.AftertheJuneStrugglein
crimes committed by US forces in Korea.
can induce following series process (many
1987, student demonstrations in rural areas
Based on its own history, Giwhal is
students’ interest-participation-and deep
III. Students-Minjung Solidarity
haveremainedcommonplacetothisday.
undertakingamoreactiveroleinsociety.
thought), it definitely leads to a new
Activities:Nongwhal,Giwhal,Binwhal
paradigm concerning university culture,
CHAFS
The words that refer to activities
2. Giwhal (Solidarity Activity in
3. Binwhal(Students-Needy People
which has a direct bearing on Minjung
MilitaryCampsiteTown)
SolidarityActivity)
associatedwithMinjunghave“whal”(which
culture. Next time you are asked to join in
means “live” and “breath”) at the end. It
Giwhal is a solidarity activity involving
Binwhal has a somewhat different
the solidarity activity, why don’t you think
mighthavesomethingtodowiththeconcept
women and their children in military
character compared to the two student
twicebeforesayingno?Onlybyactionsnot
CHAT+HUFS
“solidarity”. Solidarity has the basic
campsitetowns.Whileworkinginthistown,
solidarityactivitiesmentionedabove.While
wordscantheseactivitiesbearfruit.
connotation of breathing life on certain
students became more aware of the overall
the abovementioned are concrete activities
aspects of Minjung’s life. Nongwhal
problems in Korean society. First of all,
considered part of Minjung’s daily life,
(Students-Farmers Solidarity Activity),
militarycampsitetownsarethemselvesaby-
Binwhal is a kind of political activity
JungSu-nam/CartoonistofTheArgus
ByHongJoo-hee
Giwhal (Solidarity Activity in the Military
productofsomespecificsituationsinKorea.
centeredonstruggle.
AssociateEditorofCulture&TCSection
Campsite Town), and Binwhal (Students-
Concerning this area many controversial
ThehistoryofBinwhalisoneofstruggling
Reviewing“2000SeoulInternationalQueerFilm&VideoFestival”
“Haveyoueverseen
MeetQueersinandoutofScreen
themovieJSA?”
I. Changingviewofhomosexuallove
II.Greatfilmfestivalwithqueers
mismanagesthe“DIVEBAR”,namedafter
difficult...Thequestionneveroccurredtome
W
e generally think that love exists
The catch phrase of the 2000 Seoul
thewayhestartsorfinisheshisday.Heisas
before this question. I think it may be
betweenamanandawoman.Sucha
International Queer Film &Video Festival
flamboyant as he is horny. This film is the
becausehisparentsmadehimandwhocan
loveiscommoninoursociety.Butjustthink
was, “Your own century, your own
book of what Asano couldn’t forget. The
understand him better than his parents,” he
ofloveexistingbetweensamesexes.Thisis
pleasure”. The phrase implies that a newer,
filmisajourneydowntheJapaneseroadsof
said a little later. As time passed, several
known as “homosexual love”. For the
morepermissiveerahasarrivedwithoutthe
Asano’smind.Thefilmisarollickthrough
members of the audience stood up and
generalpopulation,thisisperceivedasvery
sexual phobias of the past. Unlike the first
thestreetsofKevin’sHongKongbynight.
directed questions at the organizers and the
strangeandincomprehensible.
festival, the timetable of events has seen
Thecinematographyissimilarwiththatof
director. Such audience participation made
“Sure”
Until the nineteenth century, homosexual
improvements.Peoplecanviewfilmsatboth
“Fallen Angels” or “Chungking Express,”
themoodactive.
love was regarded as a crime or illness. It
theatersatconvenienttimes.
anditsscenes,whichareexpressedroughly,
was treated with disdain and subjected to
Also, there were various side events
were edited at different speeds. Its themes
III.Functionasabridge
tremendouspressure.
encouraging people’s participation. Except
were expressed rather dryly and abstractly.
Nowadays it seems that understanding
For example, in England some
thepermanentprogramofthisfilmfestival,
Consequently, this movie is not easily
towardhomosexualloveisbetterthanever.
homosexuals were sentenced to death until
“New Currents in Queer Cinema: 1. Homo
understood by the audience. It is just the
But homosexuals still encounter many
1861. Some therapists tried to change
Boys Go to the Theater” and 2. Dyke Girls
world as the director sees it. “This movie
obstacles that they still have to overcome.
homosexual’s sexual taste because they
Go to the Theater,” which shows movies
wassimilarto“HappyTogether”.Thestory
For example, even on the Internet, they are
believed that homosexual was a mental
aboutlesbiansandgaysinlateryears,many
was much the same as with existing queer
inacrisis.Thegovernmentauthoritieswould
disorder.Withthearrivalofthe20thcentury,
diversespecialprogramswereonoffer.The
movies,” said a female member of the
closesitesrelatedtohomosexuality.Though
however, people came to see homosexual
Arguscoveredonerepresentativemovieand
audience.“Intheaveragequeermovie,there
they are in the difficult situation, they held
“Ialwaysgothere”
loveinanewlightafterStonewall(struggle
one special program in reviewing this
isanambiguouselement.Itisthesamewith
thisqueerfilmfestivalandwishtobroaden
forthehomosexual’shumanrights)inNew
festival.
this movie,” a female member of the
people’srecognitionabouthomosexuallove.
York.
The festival opened with Christopher
audiencesuggested.
“The movie was so interesting to me. I
In Korea, which held Confucian ideas
Doyle’s debut movie, “Away with Words”.
Asoneofmanyspecialprograms,several
wasabletounderstandhomosexualsthrough
rather strongly, homosexual love could not
ChristopherDoyleisaformermoviedirector
“interviewswiththedirector”wereonoffer.
touches of humanity,” said Lee Ji-eun, a
be discussed openly. Then, the movie
andprimarilyworkedwithWongKar-wai,a
Among them, there was a talk with Sarah
university student who saw the movie,
“Happy Together”, released in 1997, was
film director. In the movie, “Away with
Tearsley and Akikiyo Hayashi, the
“BeingHerewithyou”.Farfromalienating
banneddespitebeingratedveryhighlyatthe
words,”focusesonthelivesofthreepeople
organizers of the Tokyo International
people from what has traditionally been a
Cannes Film Festival. The first Seoul
withtheactioncenteredatthe“DIVEBAR”,
Lesbian & Gay Film Festival, and Hisaya
taboosubjectinKorea,thefilmsseemedto
International Queer Film & Video Festival
a gay bar in Hong Kong. Asano and Kevin
Murabayashi, the director of “Being Here
enlightenmany.Theenthusiasticresponseis
was stopped from the moment the curtain
and Suji have lived together since they met
WithYou”,whichisoneoftheworksfrom
anencouragingsign.Ifanything,thefestival
“I’veneverseenthe
wentup.
at the “DIVE BAR”. Since Asano’s
the “Japanese Queer Video Show” after
built a bridge of understanding between
Nowadays,recognitionforhomosexualsis
childhood in Okinawa Asano has had a
showing“JapaneseQueerVideoShow”.
heterosexualsandhomosexuals.
NonsmokingSignon
growing in this country. In 1998, the Seoul
mnemonic stic memory; words have such
Intheopeningpartoftheprogram,there
International Queer Film & Video Festival
tactile shapes and tastes and colors that he
were many questions about the background
campus”
washeldandwasahugesuccess.Finally,it
can’t forget a single word he hears. Each
andplanningofthefilms.Whenanaudience
raised the curtain for the second time this
conversation forms like a street. The streets
member asked the question, “Why were
year.ItwasheldinSeoulArtsonjecenterand
form endless city blocks in his mind. So
theresomanystoriesaboutthegay’sparents
ByKamEun-jin
Namsan Animation center starting from
many that by his early twenties he’s in
in this work?” the director had some
ReporterofCultureSection
September.1untilSeptember.10.
“gridlock” and “overload”. Kevin
difficulty responding. “The question is too

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