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Caduceus
to breathe.¡± In this process, the French whaling ship
breeding ground for a large population of black-tailed
Liancourt discovered Dokdo, an island that was not on
gull, Swinhoe¡¯s storm petrel,* and streaked shearwater,*
their charts, in January 1849, and this discovery became
and because it is a stone island, very few people live
the impetus for Dokdo to become known in the West
there,soitmaintainsitsnaturalbiota.Inaddition,Dokdo
as ¡°Liancourt Rocks.¡± In other words, the North Pacific
is on the migration route of migratory birds traveling
right whale is the whale that first brought White people
between the north and south, serving as a relief island
to Dokdo. However, after it became known that Dokdo
formigratorybirdsthathavenootherplacetorest.Ithas
wasahauntingareaforNorthPacificrightwhales,Japan
biologicallyimportantvalue,asitislocatedonthePacific
and Russia began indiscriminate whaling, putting them
andEastcoasts,whichareincludedinthemigrationroute
on the verge of extinction. The International Union
usedbymigratorybirdsinKorea,Siberia,Alaska,North
for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) said that there are
America,Japan,China,SoutheastAsia,andAustralia.
currentlyonlyabout5,000NorthPacificrightwhalesleft
If you go to the East Sea of Korea and Jeju Island,
intheworld.Althoughtheglobalpopulationhasbecome
you can see seagulls rushing toward humans to snatch
veryrare,NorthPacificrightwhaleshavebeenappearing
Saewookkang, a famous snack made by the Korean
intheEastSeaforalongtime,leavinghistoricalrecords
company Nongshim. These are black-tailed gulls, a
andinformingtheworldoftheexistenceofDokdo.
representative bird that inhabits Dokdo. Black-tailed
gulls, a migratory bird, use Dokdo as their hometown
from March to July. In Korea, they are called cat-gulls
*Deep water and surface water: Deep water is seawater that flows slowly in
the lowest part of the seafloor due to the difference in density of seawater.
because their cries are similar to those of a cat. Black-
Surfacewaterisseawaterinthesurfacelayeroftheoceanandhasgreater
fluctuations in temperature and salinity than deep water.
tailed gulls, whose breeding season begins each May,
*Carapace: The external skeleton that covers the outer part of the
raiseavoiceofcautionbysprayingexcrementonvisitors
crustaceanbody.
without fail. However, once all the visitors leave, the
entire Dokdo area turns into a playground and hunting
ARestingPlaceforMigratoryBirdsintheSky
groundforblack-tailedgulls.Inthisway,theblack-tailed
gulls stay on Dokdo for about three months, incubate
¨Ïdoopedia
eggs, hatch chicks, and give birth to new life, so it is
also called the ¡°Dokdo keeper.¡± During this time, 70
percentofDokdo¡¯svegetationiswheatgrass,whichisthe
main material used for black-tailed gull nests, and it is
wheat that is not eaten by humans. Strangely, however,
around July, when the black-tailed gulls leave, Dokdo¡¯s
vegetation also begins to change. The wheatgrass
disappearsandbarnyardgrass,atypeofrice,dominates
the island. According to an interview with researcher
Lee Jung-hyo of the National Institute of Environmental
¡ãThehead,chest,abdomen,andbodyofblack-tailedgullsarewhite,
Research in a Korea Broadcasting System (KBS) article
and the back and wings are gray. Also, they have a body length of
about 46 cm and a wingspan of 37 cm and live in the sea, coasts,
titled ¡°Dokdo¡¯s vegetation changes rapidly following the
andrivers,eatingfish,insects,andwaterplantsingroups.
black-tailed gull,¡± barnyard grass appears in the places
where wheatgrass had been. Lee explains that its role
Have you ever heard that Dokdo is the home of birds?
is to provide food for other migratory birds that fly in.
In fact, Dokdo is home to a surprisingly large number
In other words, the black-tailed gull stays on Dokdo for
of birds considering its small area. According to the
threemonthsandchangesDokdo¡¯svegetation,providing
Ministry of Environment, a total of 183 species of
ahomeandfoodforothermigratorybirds.
birds have been identified so far on Dokdo. Dokdo is a
7
OCTOBER 2023

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