총 12페이지

THEARGUS,APRIL1,2000
PAGE9
THEORY&CRITIQUE
AnalyzingTransTheory
Domain,New
Sourceof
TransTheoryWhichBasedon
CulturalConflict
theFlowofThings
D
omain, a territory in the internet,
can be marked not only by the
Englishlanguagebutbythelanguage of
their own like Korean, Chinese,
I.OrientalMedicineinLife
as a substance. If this stream is blocked,
formless,soitisrelatedtothelung.Thelung
Japaneseand soon.
O
rientalmedicinehasbeenapartofour
people suffer from a diseases, and need
attracts odor sensitivities and help to
Thedetailsofthisplanwillbemadeat
history and traditional custom. People
treatmenttogetthestreamflowingsmoothly
communicatewiththeair.Odorhaseminent
thisyear.
canfindglimpsesoforientalmedicineeven
again.Inordertolive,thestreammustflow
talents.Sweetieseveninvolvedininjections.
Korea, Japan and China have
in grandfather’s tobacco and grandmother’s
fluently and the current must be in a warm
Medicalapparatuswhichhasscentisusedas
discussed how to interchange their
luckybag.Beforeindustrializations,medical
state.
psychologicalremedies.
technologyandmakethe plantoshare
fundamentals were deeply rooted into
Foods,clothingandshelterwhichhelpsto
ThisdoesnotgoagainsttheTranstheory.
the ideas of their own. After this, they
peoples life naturally. Ancient peoples
maintain a fundamental life is premised on
The theory explains that a person who use
examined the technological problems
wisdomhasaflavorandpleasureattachedto
warmness. When people get ill, one suffers
perfumeshasatemptationtoattractsomeone
about this project. They also planed to
it. These things can be found when human
fromafever.Feversoccurwhenpeopleseek
else.IthasaTranseffectofdisguisingones
make the system, which links the
beings try to observe it with the eyes of
to break through a clot. This is similar to a
originalscenttoseduceothers.Peoplewitha
computerdomainbyKoreantoJapanese
wisdom.Modernizationoforientalmedicine
car which absorbs heat. The car tries to
cloghaveatendencytouseastrayperfumes.
andChineseinternetsight.
means the understanding the new by
reduce heat with a water-cooling system.
Cigarettes can also help to break down a
English was almost a official
exploring the old. Through this, the past is
LifeflowsandfollowtheTransinactiveday
clog. Of course, cigarettes are a harm to
language.Asthe numberoftheinternet
connected to the present. Everything in
time as well as when lying down of night.
society,itisresponsibleforlungcancerand
users increases, the necessity of
association with principles and its
This is not an outcome of the hand, but a
muchmore,butitdoeshaveaTranseffect.
esteemingeachcountry’sownletterand
applicationiscalledtheTranstheory.
wisdomoflife.Emotionisimportantinthis
Desire to smoke gradually gets stronger
culture also rises. So, inputting domain
sense.
when the Trans is situated in the middle of
withKoreanlanguageshouldbedonein
II. Trans Theory and Oriental
Thetranstheoryisusefulinunderstanding
the body. In the Choson dynasty, women
thenearfuture.
Medicine
the way oriental medicine treats diseases.
often smoked because of her husbands
The delegates of the three countries
Transmeansaninterrelation.Manythings
Orientalmedicinetreatsdiseasesbyopening
inconstant love or their childrens death.
will announce the contents of the
are explained on the assumption when this
upaclog.Theclogoccurswhenpeoplefeel
Their bitter feelings were softened through
concurrenceattheconferencesinCairo,
YeoJee-Yeon/TheArgus
flowing is interrupted, trouble arises. There
uneasiness.Itwascommontocuremaladies
smoking.
Egypt. They intend to claim the
TreatmentusingneedlesshowseffectoftheTrans.
is a deep connection between a desirable
bymeansofpsychotherapyinthepast.
amendment of the related provision. It
society and a normal flow. Every social
Inpresentdaysociety,itisnothardtofind
III.ImportanceofMind
willbepossibletoinputdomainnameby
problems,crimeandcorruptionisduetoan
observe Trans in every circumstances and
being conscious of it. When we take seat
shamans giving treatment through their
Asexplaineduntilnow,theTransapplied
users’ownlanguagefromSeptemberon.
abnormal flow. If we look at it from a
the Trans is important especially in
after a bath, sweat after a workout or when
ceremonies. A ceremony of exorcism
to oriental medicine. Moreover the Trans
If these three countries persue this
medical science perspective, a normal low
immaterial thing. The following are some
eating somewhat peppery broth, we feel
remedies pain through Trans. The patients
theoryappliedtovariousphenomenastateof
policy which makes it possible to input
makes people healthy while an abnormal
examples which can be cured by the Trans
quiterelieved.Thisisexactlyinthefieldof
mental state affects. And this helps in
peoples mental state decides the social
domain by their own character, the
flowcausesdiseases.
theory. Pricking ones finger contributes to
Trans.Surelythefeelingafteradrinkofcold
recovery because this helps in recovery to
stability.Ifthementalstateisindecay,there
European countries will also follow the
Orientalmedicinetreatsdiseasesbytrying
the health, which shows an effect in an
water is not an exception. Every social
minds.
will be social problems. If not, society
movement. As a result, the status of
todistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.This
emergency. The method in treating
phenomenon is based on Trans. For
Mind is superior to the body. When a
maintains its stable state. Above all, the
English could be declined sharply and
rightandwrongarenotseparatedbutrelative
indigestion with a needle is very easy. It
example, a couple who get on well make a
prominentdoctorgivesanutrienttoapatient
mental state is important when the clog is
theprovisionswhichwereprofitablefor
with each other. This is so because human
proveitsworthywhenprompttreatmentsis
harmonious home. Husband and wife must
sayingitisacancertreatment,themedicine
freed.
Englishwillbeamended.
beings are living things. And nature is
needed.Prickingonesfingerhastheeffectof
become intimate with each other. Through
actually has an effect on the disease.
In spite of the social contradiction that
If their goal becomes a reality,
movedbyTrans.Thatiswhyemptinesscan
opening up a passage. Every principle of
their intimation, they get love. Emotion
Conviction that the medicine is effective is
makes people slaves, sufficient vitality
www.hufs.ac.kr can be changed into
becomesubstanceandnecessitycanbecome
orientalmedicineissomethingrelatedtothe
based on rationality, when combined with
able to help the flowing of mind. If one
makes us free from illness. Finding illness
“OEDAE”. So it becomes much easier
somethinguseless.
Transtheory.
love can last a lifetime. Mutual under-
heard distasteful stories while eating, one
and understanding Trans oneself is what
torememberandmakeuseofdomain.
This change is due to the flow. Just like
Aboveall.Therapywhereaneedleisused
standingispossiblethroughtrans.Lovetoo,
wouldlosehis(her)appetite.Thisisbecause
orientalmedicineis.
Thetrendofwritingdomainnamehas
information is exchanged and products are
explains the Trans principle clearly. The
is trans makes possible, the love between
thebodybecomesrigidduetooppressions.
Peopleareabletoovercomepublicproblems
beenstartedfirst inSingaporetwoyears
distributed, lives exist. Necessary
mosteffectivemethodincirculatingbloodis
male and females. When one gives ones
Mental repression prevents normal Trans.
by mental purification. The Trans theory
ago. China uses their own language in
informationandordersarerelayedfromthe
bean-paste stew. A salty taste is helpful to
love,onegetsjoy.Givingandtakingarenot
The mind and body are not separate. The
puts forward this fact and oriental medicine
inputting domain name from last
head office to its affiliates and equipment
dyspeptics. The Trans has a positive effect
separate things. If one gives something
mental state seems to be difficult to
iswhereitisapplied.
Decemberon.Japanalsotakesapositive
and materials are enhanced through roads.
on digestion. It is not by chance that
materialistic, the other gives something
understand,butkeepinmindthatpeopleare
attitude to using their own letter in the
TheseflowsinindustryareTrans.Whenthe
dyspeptics habitually alters between salty
immaterialistic in return and vice versa.
capableofcontrollingit.
internet.
ByYeoJee-yeon
humanbodyandsocietytransitwithoutany
andspicyfood.ThisisbecausetheTranshas
Transisbasedonanarithmeticsystem.
Thelungisanorganthatreactstosmellin
argustnc@maincc.hufs.ac.kr
dyspepsia, they are healthy. People can
settled down into our lives without human
TheTranstheoryexistinnatureandflows
the air through perspiration. Odor is
P’ulgoggi,B’ulgoggiorWhat?
T
he last months there has been a
I think I could discuss principles of
you are a very experienced linguist you
Vietnamese sounds. Since that time,
Ashehasbeeninterestedenoughtolearnthe
Here I must once more remind you that
discussionintheKoreanpressabouta
romanization.
must learn spoken and written English as
Vietnamese pronunciation has changed in
Koreanlettershelooksforacertainstation,
Englishmaybethe foreignlanguageinEast
newproposalaboutromanizingthe Korean
two languagesthefirst yearsofstudy. In
manyways,andthatmakesthespellingeven
buthecannotfind it.Itisnoteasytoknow
Asia,butnotinthewholeworld.InEurope
Diacriticmarksortwoletters?
spelling. I have only been able to read
French the phonetic changes since the
morestrangefor aforeigner(forexampleis
that 청량리 was the station he looked for it
it is (if counting the number of native
whats beenwritten intheEnglish-speaking
Inthepresentsystemtheletters ㅍㅋㄲㅊ
MiddleAges haslead tosuch inconvenient
a name like Dung pronounced like Korean
hasalwaysbeenwrittenwithnintheplaces
speakers) the fourth biggest language after
newspapers, but the debate seems very
ㅓㅣarewrittenwith diacriticmarks,inthe
spellingsasoeufs(meaningeggs)fora word
융)
whereKoreanhasㄹ.
Russian, German and French spoken by
strange to me. One thing is obvious,
new system none would. The two vowels
pronouncedonlyasasinglevowel.
A very special case of romanization is
ownwayofchangingthepronunciationin
about eight percent of the continents
however:inthese newspapersno onewant
wouldbewrittenoeandue.
pinyin,thesystemusedin Chinasmainland
different positions just as my language
population. As a foreign language it is of
a change, and they make ridiculous
There are advantages and disadvantages
Romanizationasanewalphabet
forwritingwithLatinletters.AstheChinese
pronounce k sometimes like ㄲ, sometimes
coursethebiggest,butonemustrealizethat
accusations against those who made the
withbothways.Ifusingdiacriticmarksyou
Onemustbe awareof thefact thatthere
scriptisphoneticonlyinalimitedsense(and
likethefirstsoundin 시,sometimeslikeㄱ.
inmanycountriesofEastEuropeitiseasier
proposal.
comeclosertoasystemwhereonesoundis
aretwo differentreasonsfor romanization
then related to the pronunciation of the
A foreigner who wants to learn a little
to find German- than English-speaking
Onecentralpointinthecriticismseemsto
representedbyoneletter,butyoumightgeta
of a language. The reason might be that
syllables,nottothesinglesounds),theway
Koreanwillprobablylearnthepronunciation
people,andinsomecountriesFrenchisthe
bethatthe proposalisnotforeigner-friendly.
hellwhentryingtowriteitonthecomputer
youwant toconstructa totallynewwriting
to romanize is just as from a language
rulesfirstofall,justasinallotherlanguages.
firstforeignlanguage.Andmost ofall,the
If you read between the lines, it means it
or send an e-mail. The present Korean
system for everyday use by the native
withoutanalphabet.Pinyinisentirelybased
Evenif heusestheLatin alphabet,hecan
quality of spoken English is very low
would be more difficult for English-
system uses both ways. The letter is
speakers.Butit mightalso likewithKorean
onthepronunciation.
learnthatrafterngispronouncedliken.
(people consider often themselves as
speaking people to pronounce. As far as I
transcribed ch, 시 is written shi, and also
just be a matter of how to represent the
SomeKoreansthatdiscusstheproblemof
English-speaking if they can say hallo and
know the biggest group of foreigners in
thecombinationsaeandoemustberegarded
wordsandthenamesofthelanguageusing
Romanization for writing in foreign
romanization seem to believe that there is
knowthenumerals).
languages
Korea are the Chinese (though many of
as two-letter-representations of a single
the Latin alphabet. But it is important to
one way of writing that would make all
In Africa and the Middle East, French
them are here illegally), and as the new
sound.
understand that the way of romanizing is
Koreansarenotlikelyto giveuphangul,
foreigners pronounce it correct. I must
and English areequally spread,depending
system would be closer to the Chinese
The difference is not so big. In my
very much dependent on the reason for it.
and there is no reason for that. But there
remind them that the world is not only
onthecountriescolonialexperiences.
pinyin-transcriptionit wouldbe easierfor
language, Swedish, we have three letters
Letuslookatthefirstway.
mustbesomewaytowriteKoreannamesin
English-speaking.
Ihaveallmylife beenworkingteaching
them. And I thinkit wouldbe easierfor
withdiacriticmarks: a,aando,andtheyall
Manylanguagesaroundtheworld infact,
other languages, and of course its an
Letustakeanexample:theletterj(usedto
Swedish to foreigners, i e immigrants and
English-speaking and other Western people
are originally two letters. The first one is
mostofthem hadnoscriptatthebeginning
advantage if a Korean name always is
transcribe ㅈ) is pronounced in quite
refugees.Theycomefromallovertheworld,
too.
exclusively Swedish (though since 1948
ofthetwentiethcentury.Linguistshavetried
written the same way. But here the
differentwayinthefourEuropeanlanguages
andImustsaythatlessthanfivepercent can
The Korea Herald in an article by Choe
usedalsoinDanishandNorwegian),andit
to construct writing systems for many of
prerequisites are different to the languages
English, French, Spanish and German. The
take part in a simple dialogue in English
Yong-shikgiveseightexamples comparing
is anowrittenontopofana(showingthat
them.The Latinalphabethasbeen themost
discussedabove.
Germanpronunciation(likethefirstsoundin
thoughitisknown thatinaveragetheyare
theoldandnewsystem.Imustsay thatmay
theashouldbepronouncedlikeKorean오.
widely used. In these cases there is no
Letus firstseehowsomeother language
야)istheoriginal one.Thelettersi andjare
better educated than Swedish people (a
spontaneous pronunciation would be more
The other two are also used in 5-10 other
other way than let the sounds of the
managedwith thesame task.Itis not very
in fact the same, but some centuries ago it
higher percentage of university graduates
accurate if I saw Gimpo, Euljiro and
European languages. The dots on top are
language be represented by Latin letters,
encouraging.
became a custom to use i only when the
than amongSwedishpeople,moreyearsin
bulgogi,whicharetheproposedforms.Itis
reallyane,andwhenIwasachildwestill
andthere isusuallysome consensusabout
Russian names are written in a lot of
soundwasapurevowel.Thesamecriterion
schoolthanSwedishpeopleetc).
symptomatic that the newspaper has made
had to write them as a simplifiedee(~) in
howthesoundsshouldberepresented.Some
different ways in the West. The same
appliedtouandv,whoalsowhereoneand
Koreas first lady, who seems to spell her
two spelling mistakes when romanizing in
school. In Danish and Norwegian they
vague idea of the Latin pronunciation
Russian politician may have his name
thesameletter.
nameLeeHee-ho,mustunderstandthather
thepresentsystem:oneㅓhasbecomeo,and
instead usetwoligatures:æandф.Thelast
(though it has changed through the
spelled different in for example English,
So, whatever Latin letter is used,
name in most of Europe hopefully is
they did not manage to print ㅡ as a
one is explained like an e written inside an
milleniums)isguidingthelinguists:u stands
German, French,Spanish andSwedish.
Koreans still will have to tell their
pronounced 레헤호, but more probably
romanized capital letter. It doesnt help to
o..
for우,efor에 etc.Whenthesoundsarenot
TheregionwhereArabicisspokenwasat
foreignershow topronouncethem.
becomes a five-syllable name, 레에헤에호.
haveagoodsystemifitcannotbeprinted.
represented in the Latin alphabet one must
the beginning of the last century controlled
Both alternatives seem to be a little too far
Too much of the arguments in the
Graphicorphonetictranscription?
usetwo lettersorsomediacriticmark.
either by France or Britain. The result is
The romanization catastrophe:
awayfromtherealname.
individualspelling
discussion are just personal. People dont
The other subject in the discussion is if
Therearealsosome languagesthathave
that Arabic people from Lebanon and
think it should be like this or that, because
the romanization should show how the
changedfromanother alphabettotheLatin.
Jordan spell their romanized names in
The need for a uniform system of
Conclusion
theyareusedto somethingelse.Thatisthe
Korean wordsarepronounced orhow they
In the twenties, Turkey adopted the Latin
differentways thoughitis thesameArabic
romanization is apparent when looking at
AsIalready havewritten, Iamnot sure
samereasonthat usuallymakeadultsthink
arespelled. Thepresent system is based
alphabet insteadof theArabic aspart of
name. And to that one must add that also
the way persons, companies and
that a change of the romanization of
that the way they learned to write their
mainly onthepronunciation,thenewonea
the countrysmodernization.Thecreation of
dialectpronunciation,asinEgyptianArabic,
organizationswritetheirnames.
Korean is desirable. But if such a change
language inschool isthe onlyacceptable
little less. The discussion has centered
the Turkishalphabetwas donein thesame
isreflectedintheromanizedspelling.
The first weeks at this university I wrote
will be carried through, it should be based
theyneglectthechangeoflanguage.
aroundhowtotranscribeㅂㄷㄱ,astheyare
way as outlined above. The same goes for
When romanizing in the way that is
down all the names of my students with a
on clear linguistic principles, not on some
It would be useful to set out some
pronounced indifferentwaysdependingon
thelanguageinIndonesiaandMalaysia.
needed for these languages and Korean I
pencil in the attendance lists, just
sortofintuition.Andmostofall,theremust
principleswhendiscussingtheromanization,
theirpositionintheword. Butthereare,as
InVietnameseonlythe Latinalphabetis
think one of the main principles must be to
transcribing themfrom hangul.When the
be one system if Koreans would like to
but let me first say that I am not very
wewillseelater,moreproblemsaroundthis.
used today. Before the twentieth century
let one letter of the original alphabet be
students camewiththeirhome-works,many
recognizetheirnamesinforeignmedia.
enthusiastic about a change, and that is
Hangul is more than 500 years old. The
they used Chinese characters. The
represented by the same letter (or the same
were kind enough to write their names
because I think it would just lead to even
languagehas changedandpronunciationhas
romanization of Vietnamese was done
two letters if necessary) in the Latin
romanized.
moreconfusionaboutthespelling.However,
changed and the spelling has not been
already in the seventeenth century (but
alphabet.Thepresent systemofwriting ㄱ
Theproblemwas thatIcouldnt findout
the newly proposed system should be
changedwith thesame speed.Ithappens to
hardlyuseduntilthetwentieth century),and
sometimes as g, sometimes as k, is
who waswhowhen Iwaslooking atthe
discussed in a serious way. So, let us
every language.
thatmakesthespelling alittledifferent.The
confusing.AforeignerwhocomestoKorea
Korean name-list or my transcription. Most
examinetheproblems.
English and French are outstanding.
worldlanguageoutsideEurope atthattime
andreadtheromanizednamesofthesubway
used some sort of home-made spelling,
BySven-OlofOhlsson
I also may add that my knowledge about
English spelling probably reflects
was Portuguese, and thus Portuguese
stations in Seoul will sooner or later stand
usually influenced by English. Now, I only
Associateprofessor
theKoreanlanguageisclosetozero butstill
Shakespeares way of talking, and unless
spelling was used to represent the
lookingat amapwithonlyKoreannames.
writemystudentsnameinhangul.
DepartmentofScandinavianLanguages

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