총 12페이지
9페이지 본문시작
THEARGUS,MARCH1,1999
PAGE9
THEORY & CRITIQUE
Focus/KimSwoo-geun,MaestroofKoreanconstruction
DesigningHappinessinHisWork
I.Introduction
department of Architecture at Waseda
left. I want to dress in Korean clothes
Group of Korea became a place of culture
henwelookdownonthecityfroma
Universitytohim.ThismanadvisedKimto
according to season.” Unfortunately, he
art, a place established Mecca as the of
W
high place, we can see it filled with
go to Tokyo Art Univ. rather than Waseda
breathed his last on June, 14, 1986, at age
Koreaconstruction.
buildings. The gray buildings are dried up
Univ. He entered Tokyo Art Univ. and he
fifty-six.
Kimthoughtthatbuildingshouldbebuilt
and cold, in addition, their structure is not
finished graduate school at the same
asitisratherthanbuildingthroughchanging
solid.However,hereisKimSwoo-geunwho
University. Kim recalled that Japanese
III.Viewofconstruction
nature. Everytime Kim passed in front of
considered human and the environment
womanandthestudentwereveryimportant
‘Design Happiness.’ This is a motto that
Liberty Center (another building he
together in constructing buildings, 30 years
peopleinhislife.
Kim thought everytime in constructing. He
designed, he saw a pine tree. When
ago.
At Tokyo Art Univ., Kim learned many
said that the best of construction was to
construction was in progress, workers
He always said, “An architect is not a
things which effected his view of
provideaspaceforhumans.
thoughtthepinetreeshouldbecutdownso
specialistbutanordinarypersonwhohasto
construction. Also, at that place, he met his
The space should be perfectly human in.
astopilemasonry.However,Kimrequested
understand human life and reflect it in
Japanese wife who helped him without
HegotsuchathoughtfromstudyingKorean
itnottobecutdown.Hewantedtopreserve
construction.” When we look back Korean
showing her appearance, remaining under
traditional construction. His was a
nature.
construcion history, he occurr to us at first.
hisshadowtillhepassedaway.
reinterpretation of Korea beauty and a
Heemphasizedthatconstructionshouldbe
Heeffortentobuildconsideringhumanand
KimcamebacktoKoreain1961whenhe
chance of following the footsteps our
inheritedforalongtime.BeforetheNational
natureintheruinsofKoreanWar.Nowdays,
won in the design competition for the new
ancestors. In fact, he built more or less in
AssemblyBuildingwasbuilt,hesaidtothe
architects select Space Group of Korea
National Assembly Building. Then he
Japanesestyle.
chairman of the National Assembly that he
(Konggan-saok),oneofhisworkscompleted
opened Kim Swoo-geun Architecture
Buyou Museum, one of his works
should not wish that the building be
1967,asthebestconstructionin50yearsof
ResearchInstituteandbuiltmanyimportant
represents his ideas. When he was an
completed quickly, adding that the thing
Korea history. Many architects regard
buildings in Korea. He made an effort to
assistantprofessorofHong-ikUniv.in1963,
which is finished hastily can not stand for
Space group of Korea, Kim Swoo-geun designed in 1967, is one of the best
themselves as being Kim’s favorite pupil.
educate the younger generation as a
he saw a flower in a pot, a style from the
long.
buildingsinKoreaforhehaddesigneditconsideringbothhumanandnature.
Also, Kim had unco-mmon passions about
professor at the department of Architecture,
Chosun dynasty, at an exhibition of flower
After the Korean War, artists fell into
culture and art. ‘Time’ magazine once
at Konkuk and Kookmin Universities. He
arrangements. He looked for the exhibitor
disorderaccordingtotheinflowofWestern
compared him to Lorenzo de Medici who
the solider told him that an architect is the
At that time, he began to miss his home
intended that the essence of construction
andmetChoiSwoon-woo,whotaughtKim
culture.Also,theywereafflictedwithblack
ledandsupportedtheItalianRenaissance.
most important person in the world. The
and thought that home is the place where
should conform to people so he founded
to relish Korean construction. Choi took
of concern for people caused by poverty.
soldier explained to the young boy, saying
mother lives. After that, he looked upon
‘Space’,amonthlycompositeartpaper.
Kim to temples and showed him many
Especially,constructionwasusedasameans
II.KimSwoo-geun’slife
“People die someday but construction
leavinghomeasundutifulnesstohisparents.
Also, we can know his countenance as
traditional Korean buildings. Seeing them,
tosymbolizethegrowthofthecountryunder
Kim Swoo-geun was born in Wonseo-
remains even after 100 years and 1000
Nevertheless, while staying in Japan, the
culturecommentatorthroughhisessay,‘The
hefeltthebeautyofKorea,thatistosay,the
such circumstances. But Kim Swoo-geun
dong, Chongro-gu, on February, 1931. His
years.”andadvisedKimtheheshouldread
more he missed home, the more he missed
more good way narrow, the better and the
linepillars,thespaceofconstruction,andthe
realizedKoreantraditionalculturedespiteof
familywaswell-to-dobecausehisfatherwas
novels,listentomusicanddrawpicturesto
hismother.AfterthelifeinJapanhewanted
morebedwaywide,thebetter.’
harmonywithcircumstances.Hesaid,“Itis
thefactthathehadstudiedinJapan,andhe
a lawyer and a businessman. In his
become architect. After this coincidental
to build a house which was convenient and
HetookchargeaschairmanoftheKorean
theveryChoiwhotrainedmethebesttobe
triedtoreflectitinhisconstruction.Whenhe
childhood, he was introspective and timid,
meeting Kim started to widen his study,
happytolivein.
Architect Association and as director of the
appreciativeasanarchitect.”
built a construction, he thought carefully of
moreover, he was week. To overcome this
whichcametoincludeartandhumanities,in
In 1950, he graduated from Kyonggi
WorldArchitectLeague.Inspiteofthefact
Afterwards,hemovedfromhisapartment
humanfeelingandtheenvironmentwhichis
character, he continually strived and as a
ordertobecomeanarchitect.
middleschoolandenteredthedepartmentof
that he had a lot to do, he did his work
to a Korean-style house. He regarded
the essence of our traditional culture. Also,
resulthebecameapositiveperson.
Kim thought that a house should give
Architecture at Seoul National University.
carefully. For example, he planned for
constructing apartments as making cattle of
he efforted to develop culture art, by
Afte the 1945 Liberation of Korea, he
warmness to humans like mother’s heart.
However,hehadtogiveuphiscampuslife
countless projects to be built from 1960 to
humans.
building Space Group of Korea. For all of
went to Duksugung where many American
There was a happening that let him think
because of the Korean War. He stole a
2000, indicating details in his on notebooks
He made up his mind to build for the
his works Kim Swoo-geun will be
soilderspassedintheirsparetime,inorderto
such a thought. When he was 14 years old,
passagetoJapansoastostudyarchitecture.
using dots, graphs and maps. However, he
harmony between humans and the
remembered first, when we think Korean
learn English from them. At that place, he
he ran away from home in secret to a
WhenhearrivedinJapan,hedidn’thaveany
was diagnosed with liver cancer in 1985.
environment.ThiswillisreflectedinSpace
construction.
met an American student soldier whose
relative’shouse,inChulwon,Kangwondo.
money.Heborrowedsomemoneyfromthe
When he was taking medical treatments in
Group of Korea (60cm passage, 1.9m
major was construction, and who provided
Inthemiddleofthetrip,hewasstruckby
Bank of Korea and got a part time job,
hospital one day, a friend in Korean
ceiling).Inthisbuilding,peoplesitandtalk
Kim with a turning point in his life. When
Japanese,sincehetookaJapanesesoldier’s
teachingastudent.Thestudent’smotherwas
traditional clothes paid him a visit. After
comfortably and think freely. There are
ByJeongMin-hee
Kim asked the soldier what construction is
trainstealthilyandcrossingthe38thparallel
verykindandshebecameacompasstohim.
seeinghisclothes,Kimsaid,“IwishIcould
spaces like small, a theater, a space gallery
AssociateEditorof Theory&CritiqueSection
and who an architect, is in a poor English,
bychancewascaughtbyanAmerican.
She introduced another student from
liveasarealKoreanfortheshorttimeIhave
andaconstructionoffice.Asaresult,Space
GIS,LeadingTechnologicalRevolutionin21stCentury
Appliestovariousfieldsforithelpsefficiencyinoperation
explaining events, predicting outcomes, and
Methods
what), containment (what is enclosed by
about the location of a new housing
ThefutureofGIS
planningstrategies.
A successful GIS operates according to a
what), and proximity (how close something
development that has minimal environ-
Themajorchallengeswefaceintheworld
well-designedplanandbusinessrules,which
istosomethingelse)canbedeterminedwith
mental impact, is located in a low-risk
Today, GIS is a multibillion-dollar
today-overpopulation, pollution, defore-
are the models and operating practices
aGIS.
area,andisclosetoapopulationcenter.The
industry employing hundreds of thousands
station, natural disaster?have a critical
uniquetoeachorganization.
Networks
information can be presented simply and
of people worldwide. GIS is taught in
geographicdimension.Whethersitinganew
(RefertoFigure1)
If all the factories near a wetland were
clearly in the form of a map and accompa-
schools, colleges, and universities throu-
business, finding the best soil for growing
accidentally to release chemicals into the
nying report, allowing decision makers to
ghouttheworld.Professionalsineveryfield
HowdoesaGISwork?
bananas,orfiguringoutthebestrouteforan
river at the same time, how long would it
focusontherealissuesratherthantryingto
are increasingly aware of the advantages of
emergencyvehicle,localproblemsalsohave
Relating information from different
take for a damaging amount of pollutant to
understand the data. Because GIS products
thinkingandworkinggeographically.
ParkSung-hee
a geographical component. GIS will give
sources
enter the wetland reserve? A GIS can
canbeproducedquickly,multiplescenarios
Many disciplines can benefit from GIS
you the power to create maps, integrate
If you could relate information about the
simulatetherouteofmaterialsalongalinear
canbeevaluatedefficientlyandeffectively.
techniques. An active GIS market has
“E
verymapisthesumnotonlyofthe
information, visualize scenarios, solve
rainfallofyourStatetoaerialphotographsof
network.Itispossibletoassignvaluessuch
MakingMaps
resulted in lower costs and continual
cartographer’sskills,butofthemany
complicated problems, present powerful
yourcounty,youmightbeabletotellwhich
as direction and speed to the digital stream
Maps have a special place in GIS. The
improvementsinthehardwareandsoftware
explorers who win the territory in the first
ideas, and develop effective solutions like
wetlandsdryupatcertaintimesoftheyear.
and “move” the contaminants through the
process of making maps with GIS is much
components of GIS. These developments
place.” -Stephen Hall, Mapping the Next
never before. GIS is a tool used by
A GIS, which can use information from
streamsystem.
moreflexiblethanaretraditionalmanualor
will, in turn, result in a much wider
Millennium -The Discovery of New
individuals and organizations, schools,
many different sources, in many different
Overlay
automatedcartographyapproaches.Itbegins
application of the technology throughout
Geographies
governments, and businesses seeking
forms, can help with such analyses. The
Using maps of wetlands, slopes, streams,
withdatabasecreation.Existingpapermaps
government,business,andindustry.
“A map is the greatest of all epic poems.
innovativewaystosolvetheirproblems.
primary requirement for the source data is
land use, and soils, the GIS might produce
can be digitized and computer-compatible
Globalchangeresearch
Its lines and colors show the realization of
that the locations for the variables are
an new map layer or overlay that ranks the
information can be translated into the GIS.
As the scientific community recognized
ComponentsofaGIS
great dreams.?Gilbert Grosvenor, Editor,
known.Locationmaybeannotatedbyx,y,
wetlands according to their relative
TheGIS-basedcartographicdatabasecanbe
the environmental consequences of human
NationalGeographic1903-1954Afteragas
Hardware
andzcoordinatesoflongitude,latitude,and
sensitivity to damage from nearby factories
both continuous and scale free. Map
activity, GIS technology is becoming an
pipe was exploded on April 29, 1995 at
HardwareisthecomputeronwhichaGIS
elevation,orbysuchsystemsasZIPCodes
orhomes(RefertoFigure2).
productscanthenbecreatedcenteredonany
essential tool in the effort to understand the
Taegu, Korea, Korean people have been
operates. Today, GIS software runs on a
orhighwaymilemarkers.Anyvariablethat
location,atanyscale,andshowingselected
process of global change. Various map and
WhatCanGISDoforYou?
interested in a Geographic Information
wide range of hardware types, from
can be located spatially can be fed into a
information symbolized effectively to
satellite information sources can be
System(GIS). They regarded GIS as the
centralized computer servers to desktop
GIS.AGIScanalsoconvertexistingdigital
MakeBetterDecisions
highlightspecificcharacteristics.
combined in models that simulate the
solutiontopreventingsuddendisastersfrom
computersusedinstand-aloneornetworked
information, which may not yet be in map
Theoldsaying“betterinformationleadsto
The characteristics of atlases and map
interactionsofcomplexnaturalsystems.
arisingagain.Ourgovernmenthasbegunthe
configurations.
form, into forms it can recognize and use.
betterdecisions”isastrueforGISasitisfor
seriescanbeencodedincomputerprograms
Addingtheelementoftime
National GIS Development Project since
Software
For example, digital satellite images can be
otherinformationsystems.AGIS,however,
and compared with the database at final
The condition of the Earth surface,
1994andtheprojectisinprogress.AndGIS
GIS software provides the functions and
analyzed to produce a map-like layer of
isnotanautomateddecisionmakingsystem
production time. Digital products for use in
atmosphere,andsubsurfacecanbeexamined
is used to construct the New International
tools needed to store, analyze, and display
digital information about vegetative cover.
butatooltoquery,analyze,andmapdatain
other GISs can also be derived by simply
by feeding satellite data into a GIS. GIS
AirportatYoung-JongDo,Korea.
geographic information. Key software
Likewise, census or hydrologic tabular data
supportofthedecisionmakingprocess.GIS
copying data from the database. In a large
technology gives researchers the ability to
Today, GIS is a multibillion-dollar
components are tools for the input and
canbeconvertedtomap-likeform,servingas
technology has been used to assist in tasks
organization, topographic databases can be
examine the variations in Earth processes
industry employing hundreds of thousands
manipulationofgeographicinformation
layersofthematicinformationinaGIS
such as presenting information at planning
used as reference frameworks by other
overdays,months,andyears.
of people worldwide. GIS is taught in
1. A database management system
inquiries,helpingresolveterritorialdisputes,
departments.
schools, colleges, and universities
(DBMS)
What’sspecialabouttheGIS?
and siting communication towers in such a
1.Emergencyresponseplanning
throughouttheworld.Professionalsinevery
2. Tools that support geographic query,
The way maps and other data have been
wayastomaximizeservicearea.
2.Simulatingenvironmentaleffects
Thewriterisaresearcherin
field are increasingly aware of the
analysis,andvisualization
stored or filed as layers of information in a
GIS can be used to help reach a decision
3.Siteselection
GISResearchInstituteofHandongUniversity
advantages of thinking and working
3. A graphical user interface (GUI) for
GIS makes it possible to perform complex
geographically.Manydisciplinescanbenefit
easyaccesstotools
analyses.
fromGIStechniques.
Data
1.ProximityAnalysis
Inthisarticle,theauthorwilltellyouabout
Possiblythemostimportantcomponentof
2.Howmanyhousesliewithin100mof
whataGISinwhichweareinterestedinis,
a GIS is the data. Geographic data and
thiswatermain?
how a GIS works, what is special about a
relatedtabulardatacanbecollectedin-house
3.What is the total number of customers
GIS,whatarerelatedtechnologies,andwhat
or purchased from a commercial data
within10kmofthisstore?
aGIScandoforyou.
provider. A GIS will integrate spatial data
4.What proportion of the alfalfa crop is
withotherdataresourcesandcanevenusea
within500mofthewell?
What’sGIS?
DBMS, used by most organizations to
Toanswersuchquestions,GIStechnology
GISisacomputer-basedtoolformapping
organizeandmaintaintheirdata,tomanage
usesaprocesscalledbufferingtodetermine
and analyzing things that exist and events
spatialdata.
theproximityrelationshipbetweenfeatures.
that happen on earth. GIS technology
People
Topologicalmodeling
integratescommondatabaseoperationssuch
GIStechnologyisoflimitedvaluewithout
In the past 35 years, were there any gas
as query and statistical analysis with the
the people who manage the system and
stations or factories operating next to the
uniquevisualizationandgeographicanalysis
develop plans for applying it to real-world
swamp? Any within two miles and uphill
benefits offered by maps. These abilities
problems. GIS users range from technical
fromtheswamp?AGIScanrecognizeand
distinguish GIS from other information
specialists who design and maintain the
analyze the spatial relationships among
Components of a GIS: Hardware, Software,
The integration of different data layers involves a process called
systemsandmakeitvaluabletoawiderange
system to those who use it to help them
mappedphenomena.
Data,Methods,People.(Figure1)
overlay.(Figure2)
of public and private enterprises for
performtheireverydaywork.
Conditions of adjacency (what is next to
PAGE9
THEORY & CRITIQUE
Focus/KimSwoo-geun,MaestroofKoreanconstruction
DesigningHappinessinHisWork
I.Introduction
department of Architecture at Waseda
left. I want to dress in Korean clothes
Group of Korea became a place of culture
henwelookdownonthecityfroma
Universitytohim.ThismanadvisedKimto
according to season.” Unfortunately, he
art, a place established Mecca as the of
W
high place, we can see it filled with
go to Tokyo Art Univ. rather than Waseda
breathed his last on June, 14, 1986, at age
Koreaconstruction.
buildings. The gray buildings are dried up
Univ. He entered Tokyo Art Univ. and he
fifty-six.
Kimthoughtthatbuildingshouldbebuilt
and cold, in addition, their structure is not
finished graduate school at the same
asitisratherthanbuildingthroughchanging
solid.However,hereisKimSwoo-geunwho
University. Kim recalled that Japanese
III.Viewofconstruction
nature. Everytime Kim passed in front of
considered human and the environment
womanandthestudentwereveryimportant
‘Design Happiness.’ This is a motto that
Liberty Center (another building he
together in constructing buildings, 30 years
peopleinhislife.
Kim thought everytime in constructing. He
designed, he saw a pine tree. When
ago.
At Tokyo Art Univ., Kim learned many
said that the best of construction was to
construction was in progress, workers
He always said, “An architect is not a
things which effected his view of
provideaspaceforhumans.
thoughtthepinetreeshouldbecutdownso
specialistbutanordinarypersonwhohasto
construction. Also, at that place, he met his
The space should be perfectly human in.
astopilemasonry.However,Kimrequested
understand human life and reflect it in
Japanese wife who helped him without
HegotsuchathoughtfromstudyingKorean
itnottobecutdown.Hewantedtopreserve
construction.” When we look back Korean
showing her appearance, remaining under
traditional construction. His was a
nature.
construcion history, he occurr to us at first.
hisshadowtillhepassedaway.
reinterpretation of Korea beauty and a
Heemphasizedthatconstructionshouldbe
Heeffortentobuildconsideringhumanand
KimcamebacktoKoreain1961whenhe
chance of following the footsteps our
inheritedforalongtime.BeforetheNational
natureintheruinsofKoreanWar.Nowdays,
won in the design competition for the new
ancestors. In fact, he built more or less in
AssemblyBuildingwasbuilt,hesaidtothe
architects select Space Group of Korea
National Assembly Building. Then he
Japanesestyle.
chairman of the National Assembly that he
(Konggan-saok),oneofhisworkscompleted
opened Kim Swoo-geun Architecture
Buyou Museum, one of his works
should not wish that the building be
1967,asthebestconstructionin50yearsof
ResearchInstituteandbuiltmanyimportant
represents his ideas. When he was an
completed quickly, adding that the thing
Korea history. Many architects regard
buildings in Korea. He made an effort to
assistantprofessorofHong-ikUniv.in1963,
which is finished hastily can not stand for
Space group of Korea, Kim Swoo-geun designed in 1967, is one of the best
themselves as being Kim’s favorite pupil.
educate the younger generation as a
he saw a flower in a pot, a style from the
long.
buildingsinKoreaforhehaddesigneditconsideringbothhumanandnature.
Also, Kim had unco-mmon passions about
professor at the department of Architecture,
Chosun dynasty, at an exhibition of flower
After the Korean War, artists fell into
culture and art. ‘Time’ magazine once
at Konkuk and Kookmin Universities. He
arrangements. He looked for the exhibitor
disorderaccordingtotheinflowofWestern
compared him to Lorenzo de Medici who
the solider told him that an architect is the
At that time, he began to miss his home
intended that the essence of construction
andmetChoiSwoon-woo,whotaughtKim
culture.Also,theywereafflictedwithblack
ledandsupportedtheItalianRenaissance.
most important person in the world. The
and thought that home is the place where
should conform to people so he founded
to relish Korean construction. Choi took
of concern for people caused by poverty.
soldier explained to the young boy, saying
mother lives. After that, he looked upon
‘Space’,amonthlycompositeartpaper.
Kim to temples and showed him many
Especially,constructionwasusedasameans
II.KimSwoo-geun’slife
“People die someday but construction
leavinghomeasundutifulnesstohisparents.
Also, we can know his countenance as
traditional Korean buildings. Seeing them,
tosymbolizethegrowthofthecountryunder
Kim Swoo-geun was born in Wonseo-
remains even after 100 years and 1000
Nevertheless, while staying in Japan, the
culturecommentatorthroughhisessay,‘The
hefeltthebeautyofKorea,thatistosay,the
such circumstances. But Kim Swoo-geun
dong, Chongro-gu, on February, 1931. His
years.”andadvisedKimtheheshouldread
more he missed home, the more he missed
more good way narrow, the better and the
linepillars,thespaceofconstruction,andthe
realizedKoreantraditionalculturedespiteof
familywaswell-to-dobecausehisfatherwas
novels,listentomusicanddrawpicturesto
hismother.AfterthelifeinJapanhewanted
morebedwaywide,thebetter.’
harmonywithcircumstances.Hesaid,“Itis
thefactthathehadstudiedinJapan,andhe
a lawyer and a businessman. In his
become architect. After this coincidental
to build a house which was convenient and
HetookchargeaschairmanoftheKorean
theveryChoiwhotrainedmethebesttobe
triedtoreflectitinhisconstruction.Whenhe
childhood, he was introspective and timid,
meeting Kim started to widen his study,
happytolivein.
Architect Association and as director of the
appreciativeasanarchitect.”
built a construction, he thought carefully of
moreover, he was week. To overcome this
whichcametoincludeartandhumanities,in
In 1950, he graduated from Kyonggi
WorldArchitectLeague.Inspiteofthefact
Afterwards,hemovedfromhisapartment
humanfeelingandtheenvironmentwhichis
character, he continually strived and as a
ordertobecomeanarchitect.
middleschoolandenteredthedepartmentof
that he had a lot to do, he did his work
to a Korean-style house. He regarded
the essence of our traditional culture. Also,
resulthebecameapositiveperson.
Kim thought that a house should give
Architecture at Seoul National University.
carefully. For example, he planned for
constructing apartments as making cattle of
he efforted to develop culture art, by
Afte the 1945 Liberation of Korea, he
warmness to humans like mother’s heart.
However,hehadtogiveuphiscampuslife
countless projects to be built from 1960 to
humans.
building Space Group of Korea. For all of
went to Duksugung where many American
There was a happening that let him think
because of the Korean War. He stole a
2000, indicating details in his on notebooks
He made up his mind to build for the
his works Kim Swoo-geun will be
soilderspassedintheirsparetime,inorderto
such a thought. When he was 14 years old,
passagetoJapansoastostudyarchitecture.
using dots, graphs and maps. However, he
harmony between humans and the
remembered first, when we think Korean
learn English from them. At that place, he
he ran away from home in secret to a
WhenhearrivedinJapan,hedidn’thaveany
was diagnosed with liver cancer in 1985.
environment.ThiswillisreflectedinSpace
construction.
met an American student soldier whose
relative’shouse,inChulwon,Kangwondo.
money.Heborrowedsomemoneyfromthe
When he was taking medical treatments in
Group of Korea (60cm passage, 1.9m
major was construction, and who provided
Inthemiddleofthetrip,hewasstruckby
Bank of Korea and got a part time job,
hospital one day, a friend in Korean
ceiling).Inthisbuilding,peoplesitandtalk
Kim with a turning point in his life. When
Japanese,sincehetookaJapanesesoldier’s
teachingastudent.Thestudent’smotherwas
traditional clothes paid him a visit. After
comfortably and think freely. There are
ByJeongMin-hee
Kim asked the soldier what construction is
trainstealthilyandcrossingthe38thparallel
verykindandshebecameacompasstohim.
seeinghisclothes,Kimsaid,“IwishIcould
spaces like small, a theater, a space gallery
AssociateEditorof Theory&CritiqueSection
and who an architect, is in a poor English,
bychancewascaughtbyanAmerican.
She introduced another student from
liveasarealKoreanfortheshorttimeIhave
andaconstructionoffice.Asaresult,Space
GIS,LeadingTechnologicalRevolutionin21stCentury
Appliestovariousfieldsforithelpsefficiencyinoperation
explaining events, predicting outcomes, and
Methods
what), containment (what is enclosed by
about the location of a new housing
ThefutureofGIS
planningstrategies.
A successful GIS operates according to a
what), and proximity (how close something
development that has minimal environ-
Themajorchallengeswefaceintheworld
well-designedplanandbusinessrules,which
istosomethingelse)canbedeterminedwith
mental impact, is located in a low-risk
Today, GIS is a multibillion-dollar
today-overpopulation, pollution, defore-
are the models and operating practices
aGIS.
area,andisclosetoapopulationcenter.The
industry employing hundreds of thousands
station, natural disaster?have a critical
uniquetoeachorganization.
Networks
information can be presented simply and
of people worldwide. GIS is taught in
geographicdimension.Whethersitinganew
(RefertoFigure1)
If all the factories near a wetland were
clearly in the form of a map and accompa-
schools, colleges, and universities throu-
business, finding the best soil for growing
accidentally to release chemicals into the
nying report, allowing decision makers to
ghouttheworld.Professionalsineveryfield
HowdoesaGISwork?
bananas,orfiguringoutthebestrouteforan
river at the same time, how long would it
focusontherealissuesratherthantryingto
are increasingly aware of the advantages of
emergencyvehicle,localproblemsalsohave
Relating information from different
take for a damaging amount of pollutant to
understand the data. Because GIS products
thinkingandworkinggeographically.
ParkSung-hee
a geographical component. GIS will give
sources
enter the wetland reserve? A GIS can
canbeproducedquickly,multiplescenarios
Many disciplines can benefit from GIS
you the power to create maps, integrate
If you could relate information about the
simulatetherouteofmaterialsalongalinear
canbeevaluatedefficientlyandeffectively.
techniques. An active GIS market has
“E
verymapisthesumnotonlyofthe
information, visualize scenarios, solve
rainfallofyourStatetoaerialphotographsof
network.Itispossibletoassignvaluessuch
MakingMaps
resulted in lower costs and continual
cartographer’sskills,butofthemany
complicated problems, present powerful
yourcounty,youmightbeabletotellwhich
as direction and speed to the digital stream
Maps have a special place in GIS. The
improvementsinthehardwareandsoftware
explorers who win the territory in the first
ideas, and develop effective solutions like
wetlandsdryupatcertaintimesoftheyear.
and “move” the contaminants through the
process of making maps with GIS is much
components of GIS. These developments
place.” -Stephen Hall, Mapping the Next
never before. GIS is a tool used by
A GIS, which can use information from
streamsystem.
moreflexiblethanaretraditionalmanualor
will, in turn, result in a much wider
Millennium -The Discovery of New
individuals and organizations, schools,
many different sources, in many different
Overlay
automatedcartographyapproaches.Itbegins
application of the technology throughout
Geographies
governments, and businesses seeking
forms, can help with such analyses. The
Using maps of wetlands, slopes, streams,
withdatabasecreation.Existingpapermaps
government,business,andindustry.
“A map is the greatest of all epic poems.
innovativewaystosolvetheirproblems.
primary requirement for the source data is
land use, and soils, the GIS might produce
can be digitized and computer-compatible
Globalchangeresearch
Its lines and colors show the realization of
that the locations for the variables are
an new map layer or overlay that ranks the
information can be translated into the GIS.
As the scientific community recognized
ComponentsofaGIS
great dreams.?Gilbert Grosvenor, Editor,
known.Locationmaybeannotatedbyx,y,
wetlands according to their relative
TheGIS-basedcartographicdatabasecanbe
the environmental consequences of human
NationalGeographic1903-1954Afteragas
Hardware
andzcoordinatesoflongitude,latitude,and
sensitivity to damage from nearby factories
both continuous and scale free. Map
activity, GIS technology is becoming an
pipe was exploded on April 29, 1995 at
HardwareisthecomputeronwhichaGIS
elevation,orbysuchsystemsasZIPCodes
orhomes(RefertoFigure2).
productscanthenbecreatedcenteredonany
essential tool in the effort to understand the
Taegu, Korea, Korean people have been
operates. Today, GIS software runs on a
orhighwaymilemarkers.Anyvariablethat
location,atanyscale,andshowingselected
process of global change. Various map and
WhatCanGISDoforYou?
interested in a Geographic Information
wide range of hardware types, from
can be located spatially can be fed into a
information symbolized effectively to
satellite information sources can be
System(GIS). They regarded GIS as the
centralized computer servers to desktop
GIS.AGIScanalsoconvertexistingdigital
MakeBetterDecisions
highlightspecificcharacteristics.
combined in models that simulate the
solutiontopreventingsuddendisastersfrom
computersusedinstand-aloneornetworked
information, which may not yet be in map
Theoldsaying“betterinformationleadsto
The characteristics of atlases and map
interactionsofcomplexnaturalsystems.
arisingagain.Ourgovernmenthasbegunthe
configurations.
form, into forms it can recognize and use.
betterdecisions”isastrueforGISasitisfor
seriescanbeencodedincomputerprograms
Addingtheelementoftime
National GIS Development Project since
Software
For example, digital satellite images can be
otherinformationsystems.AGIS,however,
and compared with the database at final
The condition of the Earth surface,
1994andtheprojectisinprogress.AndGIS
GIS software provides the functions and
analyzed to produce a map-like layer of
isnotanautomateddecisionmakingsystem
production time. Digital products for use in
atmosphere,andsubsurfacecanbeexamined
is used to construct the New International
tools needed to store, analyze, and display
digital information about vegetative cover.
butatooltoquery,analyze,andmapdatain
other GISs can also be derived by simply
by feeding satellite data into a GIS. GIS
AirportatYoung-JongDo,Korea.
geographic information. Key software
Likewise, census or hydrologic tabular data
supportofthedecisionmakingprocess.GIS
copying data from the database. In a large
technology gives researchers the ability to
Today, GIS is a multibillion-dollar
components are tools for the input and
canbeconvertedtomap-likeform,servingas
technology has been used to assist in tasks
organization, topographic databases can be
examine the variations in Earth processes
industry employing hundreds of thousands
manipulationofgeographicinformation
layersofthematicinformationinaGIS
such as presenting information at planning
used as reference frameworks by other
overdays,months,andyears.
of people worldwide. GIS is taught in
1. A database management system
inquiries,helpingresolveterritorialdisputes,
departments.
schools, colleges, and universities
(DBMS)
What’sspecialabouttheGIS?
and siting communication towers in such a
1.Emergencyresponseplanning
throughouttheworld.Professionalsinevery
2. Tools that support geographic query,
The way maps and other data have been
wayastomaximizeservicearea.
2.Simulatingenvironmentaleffects
Thewriterisaresearcherin
field are increasingly aware of the
analysis,andvisualization
stored or filed as layers of information in a
GIS can be used to help reach a decision
3.Siteselection
GISResearchInstituteofHandongUniversity
advantages of thinking and working
3. A graphical user interface (GUI) for
GIS makes it possible to perform complex
geographically.Manydisciplinescanbenefit
easyaccesstotools
analyses.
fromGIStechniques.
Data
1.ProximityAnalysis
Inthisarticle,theauthorwilltellyouabout
Possiblythemostimportantcomponentof
2.Howmanyhousesliewithin100mof
whataGISinwhichweareinterestedinis,
a GIS is the data. Geographic data and
thiswatermain?
how a GIS works, what is special about a
relatedtabulardatacanbecollectedin-house
3.What is the total number of customers
GIS,whatarerelatedtechnologies,andwhat
or purchased from a commercial data
within10kmofthisstore?
aGIScandoforyou.
provider. A GIS will integrate spatial data
4.What proportion of the alfalfa crop is
withotherdataresourcesandcanevenusea
within500mofthewell?
What’sGIS?
DBMS, used by most organizations to
Toanswersuchquestions,GIStechnology
GISisacomputer-basedtoolformapping
organizeandmaintaintheirdata,tomanage
usesaprocesscalledbufferingtodetermine
and analyzing things that exist and events
spatialdata.
theproximityrelationshipbetweenfeatures.
that happen on earth. GIS technology
People
Topologicalmodeling
integratescommondatabaseoperationssuch
GIStechnologyisoflimitedvaluewithout
In the past 35 years, were there any gas
as query and statistical analysis with the
the people who manage the system and
stations or factories operating next to the
uniquevisualizationandgeographicanalysis
develop plans for applying it to real-world
swamp? Any within two miles and uphill
benefits offered by maps. These abilities
problems. GIS users range from technical
fromtheswamp?AGIScanrecognizeand
distinguish GIS from other information
specialists who design and maintain the
analyze the spatial relationships among
Components of a GIS: Hardware, Software,
The integration of different data layers involves a process called
systemsandmakeitvaluabletoawiderange
system to those who use it to help them
mappedphenomena.
Data,Methods,People.(Figure1)
overlay.(Figure2)
of public and private enterprises for
performtheireverydaywork.
Conditions of adjacency (what is next to
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