총 8페이지

INTERNATIONAL
www.theargus.org
6 OCTOBER4,2005
DictatorshipinEgyptdeceivedbydemocracy
Only22%ofEgyptiansvotedinpresidentialelection
whichledtothepeaceagreementwithIsrael
September 4, three days before the polls
cantakeoverthegovernmentfornow.There
ByCheaDea-chul
andthereturnofSinaiPeninsulatoEgypt.In
open. This was not even enough time for
is Muslim Brothers which is the biggest
ReporterofinternationalSection
April1975,hewasappointedVice-President
Egyptians to get to know how election is
religious group but politics are must be
of Egypt, and in 1978, he was selected as
working.Candidatesrecognizedbythenew
separatedfromreligion.For26yearsEgypt
T
he first ever multi-candidate
Vice-Chairman of the National Democratic
Presidential Elections Commission is
was under martial law that made the
presidentialelectioninEgyptwasheld
Party(NDP).Followingtheassassinationof
entitled to public campaign funding of
governmenttakeanybodyincustodywithout
on September 7. Since 1952 when the
President Anwar Sadat at the hands of
around $95,000, and may accept limited
trial or a warrant of arrest. That made
regime controlled by the royal family
Islamists in 1981, Mubarak became
private donations. Total campaign spending
oppositionpartieshardertostandagainstthe
collapsed, Egypt has been run by men who
PresidentoftheArabRepublicofEgyptand
mustnotexceed$1.9million.Thereceiptof
Government party. America has funded
started out their careers in the military and
theChairmanoftheNDP.In1980,therewas
foreign funds is prohibited, which made
Egypt with 550 billion dollars since 1979,
eventually rose to presidency. The
a constitutional amendment which allowed
other candidates difficult with funding.
theyearwhenEgypthadapeaceaccordwith
September election was the first time that
thepresidenttorunforanunlimitednumber
Knowing these would make things worse;
Israel.Afterabillforamendingconstitution
Egyptians could vote for another candidate
of terms. With this, President Mubarak has
there were boycott movement and
passed on May 26, six days later in the
other than President Hosni Mubarak.
beenre-electedsuccessivelyforfivesix-year
demonstrations all around the nation from
speech to the Organization of American
PresidentHosniMubarakwaselectedforthe
terms. He is also famous for his diplomatic
oppositionparties.
States, Bush said, “Democratic change and
fifthtimeinarow,makinghistermofoffice
maneuveringwithUnitedStatesofAmerica.
freeelectionsareexhilaratingevents.”Even
30years.Whatmadehimholdhisofficefor
Hespokeoutagainstthe2003waronIraq,
Kefayamovement
the First Lady Mrs. Bush vindicated
suchalongtime?Whydidonly22 percent
arguing that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
On referendum day Kefaya movement
Mubarak on the remarks to the Press in
ofpeoplevoteinthisimportantevent?First
should be tackled first. But Egypt was a
whichmeans“enoughisenough”inArabic
Egypt “I would say that President Mubarak
ofall,whoisHosniMubarak?
member of the allied coalition in the 1991
insistedthatit'sapproximately40supporters
has taken a very bold step. He’s taking the
www.middle-east-online.com
Gulf War and Egyptian foot soldiers were
were beaten and taken in custody by the
firststeptoopenuptheelections,andIthink
Egyptians are protestingagainstPresidentHosniMubarak.
Warherotolastpharaoh
some of the first to land in Kuwait to evict
police during the demonstration. The
that'svery,veryimportant.”
In1972,MubarakbecameCommanderof
Iraqiforces.
representative of Al-Ghad, one of the
Surprisingly, on September 9, the
with Aljazeera “Right now the government
the Air Force. In October 1973, following
opposition parties, also said 30 of its
government released results and turnout
has absolute power. It could even appoint
Freedomordeath
the October War, also known as Yom
Breezeofchangefordemocracy
supporters were taken in custody during its
figuresthatwerelow,aslowas19%insome
everyvillagechiefs.AlmosteveryEgyptians
KefayamovementshoweditselfonMarch
KippurWarandthe10thofRamadanWar,
OnFebruarysecond,InStateoftheUnion
peace march. Also, there were suspicious
places. On September 8, however, an
havelivedinpressureandfearsothatdrew
third. They marched in Cairo, Alexandria,
Mubarak was promoted to the rank of Air
Address President George W. Bush said,
actionsfromNDP.Accordingtonewspapers
election official and Mubarak’s campaign
themawayfrompolitics.Evenmiddleclass
and Mansura (south of Egypt). In Cairo
Marshall. During his career in the military,
“ThegreatandproudnationofEgypt,which
in Egypt, some businessmen who are
bothstatedthatitwasaround30%.Bothon
of Egypt fled to suburban with anger and
about 400 participants marched through
he was credited for improving the air force
showedthewaytowardpeaceintheMiddle
membersofNDPsupportedandencouraged
Election Day and afterwards, election
frustration.Egyptiansareforcedtobesolely
downtown.InAlexandriaapproximately500
afterthedefeatintheMiddleEastwarwith
East, can now show the way toward
people to vote for referendum by giving
monitoring groups stated that the turnout
concerned about securing food and keeping
participantsalsomarched.OnMay25,seven
Israel in 1967. He was also among the
democracy in the Middle East.” Not even
them free food and tour package. Secretary
was low, reportedly because ordinary
their families safe.” Considering that the
women in Kefaya movement were sexually
planners of the 1973 Yom Kippur war,
after a month Hosni Mubarak announced a
of official report ordered its staffs to march
Egyptiansthoughttheoutcomeasaforegone
CIAworldfactbookdescribesalmosthalfof
abused. They demanded a proper
bill for amending the constitution regarding
for pro-voting unless they would have a
conclusion. Wael Namara, a spokesman for
Egyptians as being illiterate, it is doubtful
investigation,buttheydidnottookthisasa
www.prweb.com
presidential election which passed on May,
salary cut. In May 2005, almost 800 were
Ayman Nour of the Al-Ghad Party,
that many Egyptians realize what is
case.Kefayamovementisspreadingviathe
26 after the referendum. The change has
arrested for illegal demonstrations, by the
estimatedturnouttobebetween10and15%
happeningintheelection.
internet. Chang Se-jeung (A-02) described,
been made from one candidate to multi-
police. National newspapers covered more
in the countryside and from 3 to 5% in the
“I stayed in Egypt from last December
candidate and direct presidential elections.
Hosni Mubarak's election campaign than
cities.Inpreviouselections,voterturnouthas
Limitedchanges
through this February. There were 20 to 30
This amendment had some tricks. This
sum of others. National broadcast aired for
run at less than 10 percent. On September
Boycott movement was widespread
people demonstrating in downtown holding
reform would give political parties the
Hosni Mubarak’s election campaign mostly
10, Kefaya movement supporters
among university students, opposition
banners. But most of the Egyptians seemed
opportunity to nominate their leaders as
thanothers.OnSeptember6,onedaybefore
demonstratedinthecapitalofEgypt,Cairo.
parties,lawyers,andjudges.Eventhejudges
to fear police.”This 2005 Egyptian election
presidential candidates. However, “Muslim
the Election Day, the Supreme Council of
Theyheldbannerssaying“Only19percent
announcedresolutionthattheyarenotgoing
was an unfair and deceptive election set up
Brothers,” the biggest opposition group is
the Judiciary, an official body appointed by
of voters supported Mubarak and he rules
to supervise the election on May 13.
bythegovernmentparty.Buteachleadersof
not recognized as a political party.
the government, took back lower court's
Egypt,”accordingtoAljazeerawhichisthe
Professor Lee Yong-Teak from Department
the world including President Bush
Independentscanrunbutonlyaftersecuring
words which made Non Governmental
MiddleEast’smedia.
of Arabic said, “I stayed in Cairo this
congratulatedMubarak’svictory.Egyptians’
250endorsementsfromelectedmembersof
Organization(NGO)superviseinthevoting
January. Egyptian Lawyers Association had
struggleforfreedomissimilartoour70sor
parliament and municipal councils
places.
Only19percent
its demonstration almost every week in
90s. As the predecessor of democracy
combined. However, Majority of the seats
For 24 years, Egyptians have been ruled
Cairo.BecausePolicehavetherighttofire,
victoryweoughttokeepoureyesonEgypt.
hadbeentakenbyNDPwhichisthepartyin
Controversialturnout
by Mubarak. Among 454 parliament seats
there are only 30 to 50 people in
power.CampaignbeganonAugust17andis
The government initially stated that
NDP has 402 seats. Political analyst
demonstration.” It is hard to find powerful
scheduled to last only three weeks until
turnout was high, though numbers varied.
Mohamed el-Sayed said in the interview
and well organized groups in Egypt which
Luke@hufs.ac.kr
Virginvoyage
Futuretechnologyleader
ToughlessonsinSilkRoad
BRICs
NizhnyNovgorod
ByKimJung-ho
nomadic tribe. To know how to build a
BRICsinteractivemajortookoffinJuly
ByCheaDea-chul
ReporterofTheory&CritiqueSection
nomadichousewetookitapartandrebuiltit.
as a result of the government’s support of
ReporterofinternationalSection
Iwassurprisedtoseeasheepkilledandtheir
over 23 billion Won. Now, all the related
D
uringsummervacationKimMa-ri(C-
traditionaldance.Inreturnoftheirfavorwe
HUFSeagerlystarteditsfirststep
departmentsareselectingthestudentswho
03)wasinChinafromAugust10to19
performed Korean traditional music which
to BRICs. The information about
will be sent to the four countries. The
as a participant of “Exploring Northeast
wasprepared.Becauseofrain,thehousewas
BRICswillbecoverdmonthly.
fifteenstudentswhowillgotoRussiawere
Asia.”
damp and some of the programs were
selected based on grades, interview, and a
1.Brazil
cancelled.Especially,wecouldnotgettothe
test about adaptability in Russia. Russia
? 2.Russia
1. What made you apply for “4th
topofthe“Tian-Shan”mountain.
showsmanydifferencescpmparetokorea,
ExploringNortheastAsia”heldbyKyobo
3.India
andfirstvisitormighthaveatroubleliving
Lifeandhowdidyougetintoit?
3. What happened in “Silk Road” and
inRussia.Soadaptabilityisalsoconsidered
4.China
I thought this was a great chance to visit
“theGreatWall?”
.Ofthe15selectedstudents,ninearefrom
China and I wanted to have a memorable
We walked through a desert called Silk
Seoul campus, and seven are from
experience. There were three evaluation
Road. It has hills which were so steep that
Russia is the biggest country in the
Wangsan campus. Students are selected
steps for this event. In the first step, 700
made us much tired. We have walked
world. Its size is 17,075,400km
2
and its
fromnotonlythedepartmentofRussia,but
peoplewereselectedbyrandom.Atsecond
through for like almost four hours with a
population is estimated at 143,673,000.
also from business administration and
step, 200 people were selected after
backpack. I felt like my legs and shoulders
RussiaborderswithNorthSeaintheNorth
scienceandengineeringwhocansatisfythe
answering questions about Northeast Asia
were pulled out. Sands rushed into each
and with Pacific Ocean in the East, with
requirements.
with creativity and logic. At the last
shoes and were flying around. It would be
North Korea, China, Mongolia, and
HUFS has maintained a good
www.yeungnam.ac.kr
evaluationstep,200peoplelivedtogetherin
impossible to finish the walk alone. I could
RepublicofKazakhstanintheSouth,with
relationshiop with Russian universities,
NizhnyNovgorodisthethirdcityinRussia.
Kyobo Life training institute building.
walk whole distance with my colleagues
Poland,Norway,andUkraineintheWest.
especially with Moskva University. But
During that time we had discussion where
whoheldandpulledeachothers.Afterthat,
AlsoRussiaisoneoftherarecountriesthat
this time, students selected by BRICs
better adaptation in Russia. Lectures are
Russia,thisisthefirsttimetointerchange
wecouldexpressoureagernessregardingthe
weflewtoanothercity“Seo-Ann.”Wewere
can self-suffice. Russia has great potential
interactive major are sent to Nizhny
held in Faculty Office Building. These
by BRICs interactive major. One of the
trip.Afterthethreestepsofevaluation,fifty
welcomedinatraditionalwayatSeo-Ann’s
among the BRICs countries but has
Novgorod State Linguistic University in
students will depart for Russia on
selected students, Hong Jun-hee (R-01)
menandwomenwerechosenasparticipants.
North front gate. After that we walked
problems.
Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhny Novgorod is
September30andtaketheclassonOctober
said,“Becausethisisthefirsttime,Ihave
I did my best to express my eagerness in
trough a castle wall for 14 kilometers. I
ThereareseveralgoodthingsthatRussia
placedintheshoreofVolgariverandOka
3 just like the Russian students. Students
someproblemstogatherinformationabout
thoseinterviews.Iheardthecompetitionrate
couldnotseetheendeventhoughIwalked
has compared to other BRICs countries.
river. It is the way to Eastern Europe, and
aregoingtotakeclassesfor16weeksand
Russian university I go. But many
was320:1.
and walked. After having rest at night we
That is spacious land and abundant
commerce and handcraft are well-
have internship for 4 weeks and finally
professorsarewillingtohelpmeandother
walked through the Yellow River and the
resources. Russia can supply important
developed. Nizhny Novgorod has many
finishallcoursesandreturnbacktoKorea
students, and that was very helpful." She
2. How was the Flaming Mountain
GreatWall.Icouldseetheendlesshorizon.
resourcessuchasoil,naturalgas,coaland
temples of medieval times and it also has
onFeb.18nextyear.Forinternship,school
also said “During staying in Novgorod, I
which was the background of Chinese
iron ore by itself. Russia has higher
manyhistoricalstructures.
will introduce Russian enterprises instead
hopetolearnaboutsciencetechnology,too.
ancientnovel“Seo-you-ki”inTrupan?
4.YouaremajoringinChinese.Didthis
potential for the industries related to those
Nowadays Novgorod grows to the third
ofKoreanone.
I heard that Russia is much developed in
It was hot like forty to fifty degrees
journeyhelpyourstudy?
resourcesthanBrazil,India,andChina.
city in Russia and it is called “Detroit of
Schedules are already prepared. During
sciencefield.”
Celsius, which is not imaginable in Korea.
When I was studying in the university, I
Russiahashightechnologyinthefieldof
Russia” because of the development in
the courses, students have to spend 320
Professor Hong Wan-suk of the
Myfeetsunkdeepinthesandateverystep.
felt like learning generalized image of
basicscience.Inspiteoftherapiddecrease
heavy industries and it is the place that
hoursinlearningRussian,and10hoursfor
Department of Russian said, “Lots of
Not even the Chinese wanted to climb this
Chinese. When I met the Chinese they
in investment to the field of science and
Hyundaicarindustryisbuilt.
Russian Economics, Politics, and Culture
students are eager to learn about BRICs ,
mountain. After that day we stayed with a
seemedlikeus.IwassurprisedthatIcould
outflow to abroad of high level human
andsoon.Also,citytoursarepreparedby
but it is sad that we are not able to send
speakwithChinese.
resources for decades, Russia is estimated
Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic
theschool'ssupplyforfree.Tuitionfeeand
them all to Russia. There may be some
that it has second to none potential of
University
2 man 1 room dormitory fee are supplied
initial trial and errors, but this project will
5. What is your dream and did this
universe,aviation,tele-communicationand
It's been one year since HUFS get
totally,andmoneyforbooksarealsogiven.
settlefirmly.ByBRICsinteractivemajor,
journeyhelpyoutoachieveit?
warindustryfollowedbyUSA.
relationship with Nizhny Novgorod State
Inclasses,studentswhomajoredinRussian
I hope HUFSans will not just learn the
Imetamanwhowasaregionalspecialist.
However, Russia has inferiority in
Linguistic University. The president and
are available to choose more subjects on
Russianlanguage,butalsolearnitsculture,
He told about his job which includes such
population compare to other BRICs
vice-president of Nizhny Novgorod State
social science and things that they are
economy,andsociety.ManyHUFSanswill
tasks as writing reports after travelling. I
countries.Russia’spopulationisabout145
Linguistic University came to HUFS to
interested in. But students who are not,
becomealeaderineachpartoftheworld.
´
found that interesting. Besides stereotypical
million. China and India have more than
celebrate the 50th anniversary. Nizhny
havetotakemoreclassinlearningRussian
Thereisaceremonyforthesuccessfulstart
images of China, I could see unusual ones
one billion, and Russia has less than
Novgorod State Linguistic University is
relatively.
of BRICs on September. 22 in Seoul
such as the Silk Road. I saw unlimited
Brazil'spopulation.Russia’spopulationhas
famous for social science departments as
campus. Students will attain 17 credits in
potentialsinthatimage.IfeellikeIcansee
decreasedoverdecades.Populationlossled
wellaslinguisticdepartments.
HUFSansarereadytojumptoworld.
BRICs interactive major. Among the 17
beyondwhatIhadseenafterthisjourney.I
notonlytoasmallerlaborforcebutalsoto
Studentswhohavebeenselectedtogoto
Students and professors have both great
credits,10arereceivedasinteractivemajor
alsobecamestrongerandmoreconfident.
asmallerpurchasingpowerofthemarket.
Russia have to spend one entire semester
expectations and many worries. Although
creditsand7asfreechoicecredits
takingclassessetuptopreparestudentsfor
there are interchanges between HUFS and
blacksburg@hufs.ac.kr
Ma-riisthesecondfromleft.
Luke@hufs.ac.kr

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