총 8페이지

6 APRIL1,2004
http://www.theargus.org
THEORY&CRITIQUE
Pleasantcurewithsweetsmell
F O O T S T E P S
Bridgethrough
Howgiftsfromfloraeffectsourphysicalinterior
timeandtide
L
ong time ago, when there was no
Since the main medical care is done by
medicine,peoplereliedonplantswhich
inhalation, the first thing to figure out how
had healing powers. This is not surprising
aroma functions would be the analysis on
A
bout 2 hours ride from Seoul on the
postsandlengthof94m.
when we consider that even animals have
howodorsaretransmittedtoourbrainsand
Jungbu expressway, arriving at
Foruncountablenumberofpeoplehave
theirownwayofcurewithplantswhenthey
howthebrainsreact.Themucousmembrane
Jincheon-gun following the milestones on
cameandgoneoverthebridgethroughout
are injured. It only seems to be the most
inside our noses reacts to over ten million
thewayisnotadifficulttask.However,the
history, it is possible to notice that the
naturalwaytotakecareofillness.Andsince
kinds of odorous molecules among which
visitor can have a hard time finding the
stepping-stonesaresmoothlywornout.For
chemicalmedicationhadlotsofsideeffects,
our brain is capable to keep information of
waytotheJincheonNonggyo,whichis20
centuries, the Jincheon Nonggyo has
desire for natural way of treatments has
ten thousand of them. When the fragrant
minutesdrivefromtheJincheon-guoffice.
carried uncountable number of stories of
increasedinthelastfewyears,amongwhich
molecules enter our nostrils, the olfactory
TheJincheonNonggyoislocatedpassinga
the nearby villagers or passers-by. Of
aromatherapyhasbeengatheringconsiderable
nerves sense them and take them to the
viaduct, which blocks the sight of the
courseitisnothardtofindafewlegends
attention. The term “aroma” comes from
amygdala. Receiving the molecules,
SegeumRiverandthebridge.
relatedtotheNongdariitself.
Greekwhichmeans“fragrantplants,”andlike
amygdala turns the molecules into electric
Located in Chungcheongbuk-do
It is said that General Im Yeon washed
the literal meaning, the main method of
signals.Theelectricsignalssenttothelimbic
Jincheon-gunMunbaek-myeononSegeum
hisfaceeverydayattheSegeumRiver.On
aromatherapy is inhalation. However, we
system,whichcontrolsemotionandmemory
River, the Jincheon Nonggyo is generally
afreezingwintermorning,GeneralImwas
shoulduncovertheveilofitspopularityand
in our cerebrum, promotes hormone
referredtoasNongdaribytheresidentsof
washinghisfaceasusualwhenhenoticed
carefullyinvestigateitseffects.
secretion. According to this physiological
Munbaek-myeon. The name Nongdari is
a young woman trying to cross the river.
principle, especially when it comes to the
Historyofaromatherapy
known to derive from the Chinese
She said that her father had passed away,
fact that it can play a big role in controling
character “Nong,” which means a
so she is trying to go back to her maiden
Ancient documents of Egyptians suggest
the secretion of hormones, it is certain that
centipede. The bridge got its name for its
home. The general was very touched by
that there already were therapeutic uses of
aroma can cause physically important
shapeof whichlookslikealongcentipede
her filial devotion and built the Nongdari
herbsfivethousandyearsago.Thebottlesof
changesinourbodies.
drawn above water with wide posts and
on his swift horse in a few hours for the
myrrh and frankincense inside the tomb of
narrowsteppingstonesontop.
womantocross.
TutanKamun,provesthis.Thealchemistsof
species. It can be obtained from the seeds,
elements from different oil, they react to
Conclusionandprospects
AccordingtoSangsanji,anoldbookon
Although the Jincheon Nonggyo has
thattimeusedcombinationofessentialoils.
resins, leaves or flowers. Some can be
eachotherwhichoftencreatesynergy.
We can find the cases that accepting
studies of the 17th to the 18th century,
kept its place without changing, the
The most famous one, “Kyphi” contains
gainedfromeverypartoftheplant,ofwhich
substance through our inspiration system
Oppositionstoaromatherapy
Nongdariismentionedasabridgebuiltby
environment around the bridge has
sixteen kinds of oils including myrrh and
lavenderisagoodexample.Thewaytogain
stronglyaffectsourbody.Negativesituation
general Im Yeon at the early Koryo
changed immensely. After Nongdari has
juniper.Thecustomofaromausewentonin
oil also differs from plant to plant. The
Demand for alternative treatments
to take it as an example, but it can bring
dynasty. Nongdari is designated as the
beendesignatedasaculturalasset,amove
the Roman era. Hippocrates, father of
methods are heredities of the ancient times.
appeared earlier in the developed countries,
aboutfatalresultwhenpoisonousgasenters
Chungcheongbuk-do tangible cultural
to construct a park around it has been
medicine, took aroma bath and massage
“Distillation” is the way which is most
which have now already went through
our physical system. As it is shown here,
property No. 28 and it is the oldest rock
taking place since September last year.
everyday to be in shape. In the medieval
popularandfrequentlyused.“Expression”is
serious consideration on such remedies. In
chemicalsthroughournosecancauseradical
bridge in Korea with its’ history of
Although the construction was to be
times, people used pine and rosemary to
applied when the oil is expected from the
1997, Los Angeles, Morse Mehrban, an
change in our body. It is true that
approximately 1,000 years. It is said that
finished past December, the nearby
protect themselves from pest. And new
inner skin of plants. And “solvent” is for
attorney, filed a lawsuit against an
aromatherapyhasnotyetestablisheditselfas
the Nongdari was built for transportation
dwellersandtheNongdariJikimi,aprivate
aromatic plants were introduced in Europe
herbs that are difficult to draw oil out with
aromatherapy company, Aroma Vera.
a proven way of cure. However, many
forfarmersbackinthedays.
organizationcreatedtoprotecttheJincheon
whenColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.
distillation.“Carbondioxideabstraction”isa
Marcel Lavabre was the president of the
people including chemists, botanists,
The Jincheon Nonggyo is built with
Nonggyo,protestedaboutthefaultyworks
However, it was not until the twentieth
recentlydevelopedmethod,butthemachine
companywhichwasregardedasthemarket
surgeonsandphysiciansareworkingonit.It
reddishrocks,withoutusinganyadhesives,
and the construction was stopped and
century that analytical studies on
usedforitisextremelyexpensive.Theoilis
leader in the United States. Lavabre finally
maynotbewiseatthemomenttorelytotally
suchaslimeandcement.Theconstruction
restarted with a far way to go. Also the
aromatherapy has been done. In fact, the
procured after a rather complicated process,
gave up in september, 2000, a week before
on aromatherapy in every kind of diseases,
of Nongdari was progressed with natural
Segeum River is greatly polluted with
term“aromatherapy”wasfirstadoptedbya
yet only a tiny amount of it is gained. For
the trial. The cases of cure and the theories
but the potential it promises seems large. If
rocksofabout30cminwidthand40cmin
constructiongarbageandwastewaterfrom
Frenchchemist,Rene-MauriceGattefossein
instance, only 0.2kg of thyme oil gets
thathehadbeenintroducinginhisworkbook
all the structures of the fragrant molecules
length. The rocks were stacked up one
stalls up on the stream. Even though the
1928. Gatti and Cayola followed with their
extractedfrom100kg.
lacked rationality in proving them. A
get identified and the technology gets
upon another, like the scales of a fish to
wastewatertreatmentisworking,thefoggy
experiment of how mint and orange affect
Thebasicdifferencebetweenessentialoil
columnist Stephen Barrett says that “some
developed to the level that we can pick out
constitute the bridge posts, with 3.6m of
waterdoesn’tseemtomakemuchchange.
us.Maurylinkedcosmeticstoaromatherapy,
and synthesized chemical medicines is that
people claim only that inhaling pleasant
the elements we need from the molecules,
width and 1.2m of thickness when
“There lies a great gap between us and
presentingindustrialpossibilitytoit.
theoiliscomposedofoverhundredkindsof
odors can help people relax, which is true.
pure natural medicine might be born. A
completed. On top of these posts, a
the government. We think that there must
elements and molecules while synthesized
But others believe aromatherapy to be
medicinewithnosideeffectsandlessharm.
stepping-stone of 170cm length, 80cm
bemorespecificmeasures,suchassettling
Essentialoil
chemical medicines contain only few kinds
effective against many diseases, which is
widthand20cmthicknessortwostepping-
the basic matters of advertising Nongdari.
Aromatherapy cannot be done without
of different elements or same molecules.
false.” Which would be the truth about
stones with length of 130cm, width of
However, there is also a ray of hope that
essential oil which is pure substance of
Essentialoilusuallyhasaboutfivedifferent
aromatherapy?
ByLimHyo-young
60cmandthicknessof16cmwerelaidon.
the situation will improve when
liquidated plant. The oil comes from
major components and dozens to hundreds
ReporterofTheory&CritiqueSection
Whenthebridgewascompleted,ithad28
cooperation between the public offices is
different parts of plant depending on its
of minor components. Combined with
Howfragrantmoleculesoperate
bridgeposts,madeafterthe28intervalsof
made. For instance, like the Nongdari
the moon’s movement and was about
festival we hold together with the
100mlong.
Jincheon-gu office.” Im Yeong-eun, the
“Heartbeats”ofstarscreatingwonders
Thebridgepostswerebuiltsothatsome
presidentofNongdariJikimiremarked.
stones that support the step stones were
At present, the Jincheon Nonggyo is
movable. With the stones moving, when
standing on one of the worst situations.
E
the river was flooded, the water easily
Nevertheless, with the support from the
arlierthisyear,anamazingfacthasbeen
pulsatingDAstarBPM37093.”
temperature which carbon can burn. White
“Thespaceisfullofwonders,”saysdoctor
slippedawaythroughthegapsinbetween
government and the people who values it,
discoveredbytheHarvardSmithsonian
There are two major kinds of stars in
dwarf,usedtobethehotcoreofstarbutgets
Lee.Thingsthatwecannotdreamofonthe
thestructure.Forthisreason,theNonggyo
itwouldn’tbeadreamfortheNongdarito
center of astrophysics that fifty light years
“dwarfs,” stars of main sequence and stars
left over as the star uses up its nuclear fuel
Earth sometimes come true in space. The
was able to stand firm in nearly perfect
lastfortheanother1,000years.
away from the Earth, on the constellation
that are not. Non-main sequence stars
anddies.Onlyathinlayerofhydrogenand
search for wonder may be the charm in
form, through thousand years of time and
Centaurusliesastarofwhichtheinteriorhas
containinglightelementssuchascarbonand
heliumgasescoverit,andthecorechanges
astronomy,whichhasattractedpeoplefrom
tide.However,2bridgepostsoneachend
formed an enormous diamond. The star is
oxygenbecomewhitedwarfsastheyshrink
its state from liquid to solid. This kind of
the time since Ptolemaeos in the ancient
ByLeeHyae-myung
was damaged through frequent flood and
called BPM37093 technically. Doctor Lee
in size and start to cool off. The ones with
changeinphaseoftencausesdelayinthestar
timesormaybe,peopleofevenlongago.
AssociateEditorofTheory&CritiqueSection
Nongdari remains repaired with only 24
Myung-geun, professor of astronomy at
heavy elements like ferrum develope to be
tocooloff.Itisbecauseofthelatentheatit
Seoul National University provided some
“red dwarfs” which would go apparently
had inside as liquid. It is simple when we
advicesontheissue.
different way from what white dwarfs will
thinkthateverymaterialbutwaterlosesheat
BPM37093 has a diameter of fifteen
go. White dwarf is a pulsating star, which
whentheysolidify.
hundredkilometerswhichcanbecalculated
forms pulsation through out its life. And
When it comes to the formation of
into ten billion trillion trillion carats, and
thesepulsationssendoutspecialfrequencies
diamonddoneinEarth,wecannotthinkofit
weighs five million trillion trillion pounds.
from which we get most of the information
withoutgreatheatandpressure.“Compared
However,itistinywhenweconsiderthatthe
on the stars. The method is similar to
to earth, the environment for diamond to
Earth has a diameter of sixty four hundred
seismograph suggesting the measurements
form is more easily made in space,” says
kilometers. Obviously too small to be a
ofearthquakes.
doctor Lee. Any “star” that contains
“star.” Nevertheless it is one, and stars like
Stars shine with the initial energy as they
abundanthydrogenisreadytoburn.Asthey
thisarecalled“whitedwarfs.”
burn up the hydrogen that they have in the
burn,thetemperaturerisesuptotenmillion
The theory that white dwarfs should
first place, which is a phenomenon of
degrees which will be fertile to bear a
crystallize over time was established four
nuclear fusion. This goes on for about ten
diamondinside.Anotherimportantthingfor
decades ago by Abrikosov, Kirzhnitz and
billionyearsuntilallthehydrogenburnsinto
diamondispressure.Gravitygetsstrongerin
Salpeter but there was no direct empirical
helium. Then another nuclear fusion occurs
proportiontoitssizeinmainsequencestars,
test.Howeverthefruitofdiscoverywasborn
when helium takes the place of hydrogen,
butwhitedwarfsownstrongergravitywhen
from the study done by Metcalfe,
this time, helium into carbon. Carbon can
theygetsmaller.Asthegravitygrowslarger,
Montgomery and Kanaan under the title of
alsocontinuetheburningbutbythetimethe
smaller the star will grow, and the pressure
ByLimHyo-young
“Testing white dwarf crystallization theory
nuclear fusion of helium finishes, the star
will get even more powerful until it finally
ReporterofTheory&CritiqueSection
LeeHyae-myung/TheArgus
with asteroseismology of the massive
gets too weak to get flamed up to the
stopsshrinking.
Land
GoddessNu-waofChina,thegreatmotherwhogavebirthtomankind
Myths
E
very country has it’s own story
mighty goddess, and in the other one, she
with her beautiful work and was no longer
becomestheonlysurvivorsofasevereflood
worshiped as a goddess who governs
explaining their origin. The Haneunim
appears with Fu-xi. In such documents as
lonely. She kept on making uncountable
thatengulfedeverythingonearth.Whenthe
childbirth.Also,itisknownthatwhenflood
mythofKoreaandthecreationonthesixth
Chosa, an ancient book of Chinese poetry
numbersofthemtofillthewholeworld.
brotherandsistercameoutoftheirhideout,
or drought occurs, it can be relieved by
daybyGodinChristiancountriesaretypical
collection and Hoenamja, a book of early
However, the land was too wide for Nu-
there was no human being found. So Fu-xi
prayingatNu-wa’sshrine.Eventhoughshe
examples of them. If so, what god would
HandynastymythologyaboutNu-wa,sheis
wa.Shewassoonexhausted.Hence,Nu-wa
and Nu-wa got married and Nu-wa gave
wasthegreatestgoddessintheancientdays,
China, the country with the largest
mentioned as the goddess who created the
broughtalongropeanddrencheditinmud.
birthtoaroundlumpofflesh.Theythought
Nu-wahasnowchangedherroleandexists
populationinAsia,believestohavecreated
mankindallbyherself.
When she whipped the rope, drops of clay
itbizarreandchoppeduptheflesh,wrapped
on the very foundation of Chinese people’s
mankind? In China, there are few different
Since the creation of heaven and earth
fellontothegroundandallofthemturned
itwithpaperandtookittotheheavens.On
lives:birthandfarming.
mythologies on how human being was
everything was made from vegetation to
into human beings. This was a simple
the way the flesh was torn by the wind,
Throughouthistory,thesecretofhowmen
created. However, the most widely spread
animals but no human. Nu-wa, the great
operation and the world was soon full of
spreadallovertheearthandbecamehuman
first appeared has not yet been uncovered.
mythistheoneincludingNu-wa.Themyth
goddesswhowasstrollingaroundtheworld,
people.ThepeoplethatNu-wasculptedwith
beings. There are also different versions of
Nevertheless, on the account of such
about Nu-wa is not simply a belief that
feltthattheplacewasunbearablylonelyand
her own hands were the ones who became
Fu-xi and Nu-wa, but all of them hold the
mythologies as the one of Nu-wa, human
certainlimitedregionsinChinabelieve,but
quiet so she should make something more.
noble and the ones made with the rope
basicstorylineoffloodandconsanguineous
specieswereabletodevelopwithprideand
itisconsideredastheoriginofmankindby
Nu-wa bent down and, out of water and
turned out to be the humble. Nevertheless
marriage.
self-consciousness.Forthisreason,itistrue
thewholenation.
yellowearth,sculptedlittledoll-likefeatures.
mankind was mortal, and it was very hard
Although both myths are well-known,
that although they might seem like a fairy-
Nu-wa is described as a goddess with a
When she set down the clay dolls,
workforNu-watoreplacethemeverytime
Chinese people prefer the former one than
tale, these myths on human creation cannot
snake’s lower half of the body. Nu-wa’s
surprisinglytheycamealiveandranaround
theydied.Hence,shepairedupeachwoman
the latter one since the legend with Fu-xi
beunderestimated.
portraitsandpicturesareoftenfoundonthe
the land joyfully making loud noises. Thus
and man so they could flourish by
descended after the Han dynasty, a period
stonecarvingsandpaintingsonbricksofthe
Mankind was created. They were small but
themselves.
when the Chinese society changed from a
Han dynasty. There are two mythologies
unlike any other creatures on earth, since
In Nu-wa and Fu-xi’s mythology, on the
matrilinealsocietytoapatrilinealsociety.
Minumsa
ByLeeHyae-myung
aboutNu-waandthecreationofhuman.One
theyseemedtohavethespirittoruleothers
other hand, two of them appear as brother
In nowadays China, Nu-wa is considered
AssociateEditorofTheory&CritiqueSection
isastorywhereNu-waappearsalone,asthe
and the universe. Nu-wa was very satisfied
and sister. In this myth, Fu-xi and Nu-wa
as not only the creator of men but also is

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