총 8페이지

PAGE6
APRIL1,2001
THEORY & CRITIQUE
http://maincc.hufs.ac.kr/~theargus
FocusingonChoYong-sou,thefounderofMinjok-ilbo
Neo-File
JournalistFollowingHisOwnBelief
Bobos,TwoOpposing
I
thasalreadybeenfortyyearssinceCho
most critical of all. In response, the
Yong-soudiedofcapitalpunishment.He
government started taking action against
hadbeenforgottenuntilthe1997whenLee
Minjok-ilbo.Theysentalettertotheprinting
IdeasPutTogether
Hoi-changranasacandidatefortheelection
company and told them to stop printing the
and is now calling for a revolution of the
Minjok-ilbo, the reason given was that it
press. He was one of the judicial officer in
allegedlytriedtooverthrowtheCabinet.
U
courtwhenChoYong-souwasontrial.For
Under these conditions, the Minjok-ilbo
ntil the mid 20th century, the
ofmeritocracy,wholiketoshowofftheir
this reason, his name has been in the issue
kept changing the printing company and
Bourgeois, the elite class of
intelligence. Along with the economical
lately.
tooklegalactionagainsttheformerprinting
capitalistic society played a major role.
success, they seek social equality. Bill
Beforethis,thename,ChoYong-souwas
company - this was the first lawsuit among
This class was mainly known by their
Gates of Microsoft and Jerry Yang, the
notoftenheard.Thisisbecauseheonlylead
thepress.Withoutanyhesitation,ChoYong-
familynamesandtheyfocusedonwealth
establisher of internet site yahoo are
ashortlifeof31yearsandspentmostofhis
sou marched his way through even by
and showed off by their huge
examplesofBobos.
time overseas. He as the president of
writing editorials with the subject still
expenditures. In the 1960s, a new class
InthesocietyoftheBobos,wealthdoes
Minjok-ilbo was killed being accused of as
criticisingthegovernment.
called “Bohemians” was formed against
notequalauthority.Awriterearning100
beingaRedbythegovernment.Alsoduring
the Bourgeois. Instead of obeying
thousand dollars a year can have more
the trial forty years ago, the press had kept
III.Ascrificedsoul
tradition and order, the Bohemians
dignity and power than the banker who
quiet, ignoring the matter. The death of a
A coup detat was carried out on the 16th
concentrated on individuality and
earns 500 thousand. Moreover, they
youngmanwasanissuetotheforeignersbut
ofMay,1961withParkJung-heeatthelead,
creativity.
regard creativity and new ways of
nothingtothelocals.
and40workersoftheMinjok-ilboincluding
Correspondingwiththeinfluenceofthe
thinking as important matters worth
ChoYong-souwerearrested.
Bohemians,inthe1980stheBourgeoisin
considering.
I.Showinginterestinpolitics
There were two charges for the arrests.
trying to make the society more
Some people say bobos will effect the
Cho Yong-sou was born on the 24th of
One was that although there was no
comfortable by means of wealth started
society. Still, the author of the book
Cho Yong-sou in the center of the front line in front of Minjok-ilbo building along
April,1930inafamilyofdignity.Ashistwo
evidence,itwasallegedlythatblackmoney
takingaction.
“BOBOS in Paradise”, David Brooks
withothermemberofthepress.
uncles worked as members of the National
wasinvolvedandtheotherwasthatMinjok-
Now, a new elite class called
shows regret that they cannot be called
Assembly he gained an interest in politics
ilbo was used just to fulfill a movement. In
“BOBOS”hasbeenformedinthedigital
criticalandpublicintellectuals.Although
from young age. His friends say he was a
andlivedunnoticeduntilthe4.19arouse.He
Meanwhile the conservative government
other words it carried out a communistical
period. This new word bobos is a
theiraimwastostandagainsttheformer
bright boy always getting good grades
came back to his home land and ran for
startedlookingforfaultsandquietlycarried
view. Others involved in this were released
composition of the word Bourgeois and
elite class, the bourgeois, they have just
throughouthisschooingyears.Whenhewas
election to the National Assembly, which
outasecretexaminationofChoYong-sou.
from the death penalty but Cho Yong-sou
Bohemians. Combining the diligence
created another class themselves, a
in middle school, there was great tension
resulted in him going back to Japan with
About a month later, the Minjok-ilbo
was thrown to the death room and never
from the Bourgeois and the creative
successor of the bourgeois. This is
built up between the left and right wings.
another disappointment. His thoughts were
clarified the characteristics of the paper and
came back. That was ironically on the day
character stics of the Bohemians, is the
because of the boundaries the bobos
ChoYong-souhimselfwasamemberofthe
thatthegovernmenttobecomposedofboth
announced them to the public. Firstly,
Park Jung-hee was making a Christmas
bobos.
cannotcross.
rightwingandduetotheroughpowerofthe
theconservativeandprogressiveparties.
Minjok-ilbowastoshowlightonwherethe
greetingtothecitizens,21stofDecember.
Bobosoriginatedasanalternativeclass,
The bobos are affluent people with
left,heleftschool.
nationwasgoing.Secondwastoinformthe
Whenhisdeathwasknowntothepublic,
the two opposing ideas combining
money and capitals, considered as the
While he was in his university years, the
II.Minjok-ilbo,it’sshortlife
illegality and corruption, and become a
many of the outraged were from overseas.
togetherasone.Thesearethepeoplewho
upperclassofthesociety.Itisconsidered
KoreanWarbrokeoutsohemovedtoBusan
ThisiswheretheMinjok-ilbocomesinto
defender of the majority of workers. And
They even rewarded him with an
lead this society today. Even with the
asafactorofthebobos.Sotheyviewthe
andworkedasasecretaryforhisunclewho
picture.ChoYong-soubelievedthathehad
also like before, to work for reunification.
InternationalJournalismAward.Still,ittook
wealth, they reject materialism and their
worldfromthetopnotlikethemajority.
wasamemberoftheNationalAssembly.It
to inform the nation of the true meaning of
From the first publication, Minjok-ilbo
alongtimeforKoreatorecognizethisunjust
goal is the perfection of self. Therefore
Also, they might think like the
was then that he decided to go to Japan to
reform. He met with people who were
received strong public support. The
incident.Evenwhensomedid,therewasno
they see everything as a way of
Bohemians, but do not have any interest
study. In this course he developed his
legitimate either working as member of the
circulation of the paper was approximately
documents left on the trial at all. Wouldn’t
expressing oneself or searching true-self.
in social reform. They only differentiate
interestinthepressbyworkingattheMinju
independence movement when Korea was
four thousand. The greatest number of
this be an incident showing us the freedom
Theytakesometimetolookoveroneself
from the former governing class in the
newspaperofficeortheInternationalTimes.
under Japanese supervision, or worked for
circulation was forty-five thousand, which
ofthepressandtherelationshipbetweenthe
withaciricaleye.
area of culture and expenditure.
A colleague of his described him as being
theprogressiveparty.
wasDonga-ilbo.
pressandthegovernmentwhichcanstillbe
Forexample,unliketheBourgeoisthey
Therefore, bobos might help develop the
neutral. Whenever there was a debate
Onthe25thofJanuary1961,theMinjok-
The first confrontation with the
seentoday.
donotspendtheirmoneytoshowoff,but
artistic knowledge level, but nothing
between the left and right wing, he usually
ilbo showed itself to the new world. In an
government was about the economical
theyspendlotsofmoneyonthenecessary
muchfromthesocialstatus.
saidnothing.
advertisement, it said that the main
agreementwithAmerica.Itwasmeanttobe
articles like hiking boots. They spend
Later, he worked as a member of the
characteristicofMinjok-ilbowastofocuson
bilateral and reciprocal, however, it was an
their money on furniture which does not
committeetosaveChoBong-am’slifewho
the problem of reunification. Therefore the
agreement for America. They had the right
lookbrandnewbutthosewhichareworn
gotadeathsentencewhenRheeSeung-man
paper would become a harsh critic to those
to guard and re-examine the aid project
out in the first place, like antiques and
ByKimNa-hyun
ByKimNa-hyun
was in power. Yong-sou felt a deep
whostoodagainstpeacefulreunificationand,
agreed. There were many people criticizing
tornjeans.
AssociateEditorofTheory&CritiqueSection
AssociateEditorofTheory&CritiqueSection
frustration at this event. So he got married
supported those working for this idea.
the government, yet Minjok-ilbo was the
Bobosarealsoperfectionists,followers
SeminarlookingintoKoreanBuddhismwithDonggukUniversityinthecenter
GroundworkNeededforImprovedFuture
SisyphusMarch
F
or a whole six hours, a seminar on
professor writes 2.3 thesis. That puts us in
discussing Korean Buddhism, focusing
last place, of 14 countries studying
on the Buddhist Studies Department of
Buddhism.
DonggukUniversity,washeldonthe20thof
In response, Kim Ho-sung, professor of
A
very undesirable phenomenon recurred in street demonstrations of workers and
March. With many monks and participants,
Dongguk University started off by
studentsopposingthemassivelayoffsattheailingDaewooMotorearlyinMarch.
the seminar, based on the papers delivered
acknowledging the statistics, however, he
ThepoliceforceundercontroloftheKimDae-junggovernmentblockedtheunionists’
bythespeakers,washeldonthefirstfloorof
defended Dongguk University by saying it
legitimatedoorwaytoalaborunion.Itwentsofarastohaulthe203citizensincluding
the executive office building of the Korean
focused on education not research and that
unionistsunlawfullybeforethepoliceauthorities.
BuddhistChogyeOrder.
people do not know the situation inside the
AccordingtotheNationalStatisticalOffice(NSO),thenumberoftheunemployedis
Western civilizations and ideas were
school.AprofessorfromYonseiUniversity,
nowoveronemillionandanunemploymentratecomescloseto5%intheaftermathof
considered first, before the more traditional
Shin Gye-tak responded that “Dongguk
theDaewoowork-out.ConsideringthefactthatlastJanuarytheunemploymentratewas
thoughts. Despite some difficulties,
UniversityBuddhistStudiesisnotthewhole
4.6%,thenumberofthejoblesshasincreasedbyahundredthousandwithinonemonth.
DonggukUnversityhasdevelopedBuddhist
of Korean Buddhism. Aren’t we discussing
Onemillionjoblesslockedoutfromworkraisetheirvoiceontheirrighttoliveinthe
tradition well. Yet, during the 1990s many
somethingbigfromalittlepicture?”
street.Onewhohaswitnessedtheirmiserymightwonderwhatistherootcauseinthis
criticalvoicescouldbeheard.Itcouldbethat
The second presentator, Jeon Jae-sung of
matter.
their minds stayed on the fence about
Scripture Research Institute, remarked that
Chris Harman’s book helps resolve this. The chief
Buddhism,thattheyleftitsideasinthefield
the grounding knowledge of Buddhism is
editorofaswellastheleft-wingtheoristChrisHarmanraisesthefundamentalquestion
ofphilosophy,inordertoestablishBuddhist
deficient.Ifthegroundworkisnotsufficient,
SeminarwasheldonMarch20thatChogyeTemple.
whethercapitalismisthebesteconomicstructureasexpectedinthestrongcurrentof
studies.Thisseminarissignificanceasthisis
newlywrittenworkcannotbeexcavatedand
Neo-Liberalism now sweeping over the whole world. Harman studies the absurd and
the first to evaluate Buddhist Studies, and
thenitdoesnotgoanyfurtherthangeneral
inhumanecapitalisticsystemandtakesnoticeofthestep-upinexploitationunderthis
also because for true development to occur,
education. “It is very hard to study
very small and therefore only a limited
onthissubject,thepanelswerebusysharing
mechanism.Heexplainsthecauseofthepresenteconomiccrisisthroughthelogicof
analysis, criticism and self-examination is
Buddhism due to the lack of materials. A
numberofmaterialstorecommendtopeople
their thoughts. Also due to the long hours,
MarxEconomy.
needed.
Buddhist library should be organised and
areavailable.Healsosaid“Theremustbea
participatesattimesmovedinandoutofthe
Todaypeopletakeitforgrantedthebuyingandsellingactofworkingpower.Itseems
The seminar was carried out with two
opentothepublic.”
distinctlinebetweenBuddhismasareligion
seminar room therefore creating some
tomaterializethereasonableexchangebetweencapitalandlabor.Laborersareselling
people presenting a manifestation and four,
Correspondant Park Hae-dang, research
andBuddhistStudiesasascience.”
annoyance.
their working power for certain wages and take benefits for that. So if are some
analysing it. Kim Jong-myong, a professor
worker of Seoul National University
Allthepanelshadmuchtosay.Although
argumentsbetweenemployeeandemployer,peoplemightthinkthatthetwoclassesare
ofDonggukUniversitypointedoutthelack
KyujanggaksharedsimilarthoughtstoJeon
itwasheldforquietawhile,thepanelsdid
ByKimNa-hyun
alllookingaftertheirowninterests.
of research conducted by professors. He
Jae-sung by emphasizing the importance of
not show any sign of ending the debate.
AssociateEditorofTheory&CritiqueSection
Against this natural thought, Marx pointed out that this outwardly fair exchange
mentioned statistics that each year, one
language.Thenumberofbookstranslatedis
Underabroadtopic,asthefirstseminarheld
betweencapitalandlaboronlycoversupbasicinequality.Onlytwoorthreehundreds
Here&Beyond
years ago, the act of selling and buying labor was not often done. The farming
population cultivated the products of the farm in their own land and craftsmen made
DisappearanceofOurLifeImageinCommunicationTechnologies
goods in their small-scaled workrooms. What changed this situation was the
government’sdepredationasshownincaseofEnglandEnclauserMovement.
Asthebooksays,“...Laborertodayisboundbythewholeclassofbourgeoisie,notby
theonecertainbourgeois...”,laborerscannotescapefromtheconditionofslaveryforced
appreciatedthefieldofvisualcultureandset
speed with which they flow past the eye of
should try to explain appearance the
bythecapitalistclasseswhohavemeansofproduction.Thevalueofworkers’wages,
thestagefortheemergenceofnewformsof
thespectator.
phenomenonwithoutimagination.
therefore,fallsfarshortofamountcorrespondingtotheirworkingvalue.Fewtakeshold
representation. And we entered new modes
Television is connected with the cinema.
One must proceed with great care as one
of the benefits made by other majority. Daewoo affairs is one and the same. Many
of pictorial production that exchange new
Although television is a technical device
attempttodefinetheintendedaestheticeffect
people shout that the responsibility is on the Kim Woo-choong Group indulged in
formsofdisciplineandsurveillance.
givenwiththeconceptofmass-media,ithas
that may be observed in the first using
insolvent operation and corrupt practices. The former Daewoo chairman Kim Woo-
Thus, the condition of possibility for
the status of an moving image in cinema.
televisioninart.Thereisunquestionablyan
choong is now living comfortably abroad with his escape fund of twenty five trillion
invention of photography remain in the
Furthermore the television provokes reflect
elementofprovocationinpresentationimage
won.Laborersonlyhavebeenworkinghardfordozensofyearsforthecompany.Itis
desire of a society, already engaged in
andfocusalargercrisisplayedoutinmass
oftelevision.Televisionimagesrepresentan
absurd that they are treated like the principal offender of the economic crisis and
producing images. It is important to clearly
culture.Thecruxofthesemovementmaybe
entirely different type with photography.
sentencedtodeath.
understandatthebeginningthattheusingof
datedtotheperiodbetween1960and1970,
Thesearenotprimarilyaestheticimage,but
Thebarbarouscapitalismcomesunderpeople’seyeseverymomentovertheworld.
photography does not introduce a new
when veritable revolution occurred in the
for the communication. This preceding
Theviolenceonthelaborersisjustlikethesameasthepastslaveowners’whip.Atthe
category meant to replace the concept of
massculture.
remakes do not of course claim to come
sametime,however,wecanobservethestrugglefoundedonsolidarityandcooperation
representation image. Rather, the image of
Itseemsthattheassimilationoftelevision
anywhere close to exhausting the subject.
JoKwang-suk
against the absurd structure which throws away the workers’ progressive will. These
photography is a category that permits a
and electronic media into everyday life has
The aim was merely to give a sketch of all
ProfessorofKyongKiUniversity
peoplewhofellintoalose-losegame,isjustthemaingroupwhomakeshistory.
moreprecisedefinitionofaparticularaspect
become unremarkable. It broadcasts the
the elements the concept ‘image of
oftheconceptofopticaldeviceforexample
sameprogrammealloverthecountry,atthe
photography’takesin.Withintheframeofa
T
his essay is about art and technology,
paintings. The photographic image
sametime.Theviewerhasno-timetothink.
theory of the painting and photography, the
particularly using images in
presupposethefragmentationofrealtyandin
Information has already been implanted in
use to which television puts the theory
ByChoHongJoo-hee
communication technologies. We become
amoment.Thisconceptplaysalsoarolein
thebrain.Thisissenseofanarchyandnon-
intermediacannotbecomerelevant.Because
EditorofCultureSection
accustomed to the images of that the
thecinema.Filmisthestringingtogetherof
imagnation, which video still has, and is
it is part and partial of the medium in
emergence of photography decisively
photographic images that because of the
attracted the mass. This means that one
communication.

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