총 8페이지

5
www.theargus.org
THEORY&CRITIQUE
MAY1,2004
Magicthatfungicreate
F O O T S T E P S
Yunggeolleung;
Unveilingthesecretinsideeverydaymealsupportingourhealth
anestoffilialdevotion
T
oenjang, kimchi, bread, cheese, yogurt
etc. These foods have been popular
through centuries and we still generally
I
t was thought only natural for the
and sheep are placed, two pairs each
dependonthemtomaintainourlives.They
parentstolovetheirchildren,andthe
unlikeother“won”whereonlyonepairs
arealsoconsideredasimportantrestoratives
children to love their parents. Although
are allowed. Also, although only civil
forpeoplewhotrytobeinshape.Whatthese
thereareminorquarrels,theygetalong.
officials are admitted in “won,” two
foods have in common is that they go
It is true that “love” takes place on the
stonecivilofficials,twomilitaryofficials
through fermentation in the process of
basis of their emotions. However,
and their horses are put up. Within the
production. Fermentation, Zymolysis in
nowadays it is not always the case.
tomb, Jeongjo built a temple called
otherwords,isworksoffungisuchasbarm
Gruesomecasessuchasasonmurdering
Yongjusa, which is now a national
andyeasttoconvertorganicmatterintoother
hisfatherovermoneyoccurrepeatedly.
treasureNo.120,neartheYungneungto
material.Howdofungioperate?andwhyare
Yunggeolleung is a site where people
paytributetoJangjo.
fermented foods so helpful in keeping our
canfindthesymboloffilialpietyofthe
Geolleung was built next to the
health? These questions may be worthy to
ChosunDynasty.AsahistoricalsiteNo.
Yungneung, as Jeongjo wished to be
figureoutsincesuchkindoffoodstakelarge
206, it is located near the University of
buriednexttohisfather.Hiswife,Queen
part of the edibilities which we take
Suwon,inSuwoncity,Hwaseong.Inside
Hyoui was also buried together. The
everyday.
Fermentedsoybeans,Kimchi,wineandcheesearewidelypreferedfoodswhichgothroughfermentationtobeproduced.
Yunggeolleungthetworoyaltombsofa
appearance of the tomb is mostly the
Fermentationinthepast
fatherandson,JangjoandKingJeongjo,
same with Yungneung. However, with
areplaced.InsidetheYunggeolleungthe
such decorations as the stone hedge
The exact time from when people used
L. Lavoisier mentioned in 1787 that
changes.Theproductsoffermentationvaries
Relatedstudiestoday
visitorswillsooncometotwoalternative
missing, it is less majestic than
fermentationisimpossibletofigureoutsince
fermentationisaquantitativedecomposition
depending on the original material and the
Themethodoffermentationisappliednot
roads in a park-like forest of pine trees.
Yungneung,
thispeculiarmethodhasbeenappliedinour
of grape juice into alcohol and carbon
kindoffungi.
only in brewing eatables, but also in
One road leads to Yungneung, and the
There are stories told that show how
dietary life before the dawn of history.
dioxide. Approaching the 19th century, a
manufacturingchemicals.Thiskindofusage
otheroneleadstoGeolleung.
KingJeongjothoughtdearlyofhisfather
However each country has their own
dispute heated up between two groups of
Physicalaffects
is technically called “microbial reaction
Yungneung is the tomb where the so-
Jangjo. Once, Jeongjo visited the
traditional food using fermentation. To take
scientists.OnegroupwaschemistswithJ.F.
Sincetherearesomanykindoffermented
progress,” in the field of biochemical
calledCrownPrinceSado,Jangjoandhis
Yungneung and caught the pine-eating
it for example, liquor differs from nation to
Liebigwhocontendedthatfermentationwas
foodscontainingsomanykindofsubstances
engineering.Itiswidelyadoptedtoprocure
wife, Heongyeong are buried. As the
caterpillars that lived on the pine forest
nation. This means history has lots to say
catalysis. The other group was
thatdifferentkindsoffermentsproduce,itis
chemicalsandmedicines.Glutamicacidand
second son of King Yeongjo, Jangjo
made near Yungneung. Jeongjo was
aboutfermentedfoods.
microbiologists and bacteriologists with L.
hard to study all of them and see how they
lysine are obtained from amino acid
becameaCrownPrinceattheageoftwo
outraged with the caterpillar, bit it into
Oneoftheoldestdocumentssuchas“The
Pasteur who claimed that fermentation was
makechangesinourbody.Still,wecanpick
fermentation. In the same way inosine and
upon the death of his elder brother in
half and threw it behind his back. Then
Odyssey” tells us that wine appeared on
thereactionoffungi.However,afterPasteur
one up and look into it for an example.
guanosinearesecuredfromnucleicacid.
1736. However, with the difference in
suddenlyarainfalloccurred,andswiped
table with daily meals. This was a general
died E. Buchner found out sucrose getting
Lacticfermentswhicharecontainedindairy
When something is to be developed, it
politicalopinions,hebecameanobjectof
away all the caterpillars in the forest.
scene of B.C. 800, and the date when wine
fermented without any cells alive, and
products,havelotsofpositiveinfluenceson
needs to get scientifically studied. It seems
loathingbytheNoronfaction.Soonwith
Althoughthisisanexaggeratedversion,
wasoriginatedisassumedtobe1,200years
proved that fermentation is an action of
us.Theyholdbacktheoperationofnoxious
that we can draw out advanced use of
thefalsechargesmadebythem,outraged
it is said that Jeongjo would make the
before that. Already in ancient Egypt, B.C.
enzyme inside the fungi, not physiological
germs inside our internal organs, and
fermentation and its stable development
Yeongjo locks Jangjo up in a rice box
people catch caterpillars that disturb
5000, barm was adopted to brew beer, and
actionofthemselvesin1896.
encourage them with their peristaltic
throughbiochemicalengineering.
until he suffocated to death. Sado is a
Jangjo’s tomb and reward them. Also,
yeast was added in baking bread a 1,000
movement. The ferments also help in
Howitoperates
Itsmerit
name that Yeongjo gave to Jangjo
Jeongjo visited Jangjo’s burial once
yearsafterthat.
synthesizing vitamins, especially B1, B2,
afterwards,whichmeans,“mourninghis
every10months,whichisveryoftenfor
In
Korea,
Chinese
document
For living things, zymolysis and
B6, B12, which play an important role in
Zymolysis is not just a simple
death”andnamedhisgraveSueunmyo.
aKing,andwouldcrysorrowfullyinside
“Jeminyosool” suggests that liquor, pickled
respiration are main ways of metastasis to
sanguification and vitamin K, important for
phenomenon,butagreatheritage.Thereisa
King Jeongjo, the son of Jangjo, who
theshrineusedtogivereligiousservices.
fishandsaltedvegetableswhichareoriginof
gain energy. Most of the microorganisms
bloodcoagulation.
pointthatithasabrightaspectinthefuture.
was only 10 years old when his father
The sincere love for Jangjo that
kimchi were produced in the period of the
need oxygen. With a satisfactory condition,
However, there is a point that should be
It puts out nothing harmful during the
diedsuchhorribly,succeededthethrone
JeongjoshowedthroughYungneungstill
Three Kingdoms. After chillies were
theykeeponraisingenergywithit,butwhen
madeclearhere.Notallfermentedfoodsare
process of production. It only borrows the
whenhisgrandfatherpassedawayasan
remains in Yunggeolleung. However,
introducedduringtheChosunDynasty,they
they meet the state on contrary, they try to
always good for our health. As known
powerofgermswhichiscompletelyfriendly
adopted son of Jangjo’s dead elder
recentlyaconstructiondesignedtodivide
became the main ingredient of kimchi; the
preserve their lives by dissolving organic
generally it is dangerous to take too much
to the environment. This fact satisfies the
brother in 1776. However, on the day
YungneunganditstempleYongjusawas
mostpopularfermentedfoodinkorea.
matters.
alcoholicdrinks.Nottomentionthedrunken
increasing demand of “environmental
that he was enthroned king, he declared
planned by the government. The plan is
The microorganisms discompose sugar
rowdiness, it causes neurasthenia, memory
friendly”movementsthroughouttheworld.
Discoveryoffermentation
thatheissonofJangjo,whichresultantly
tobuildasix-laneroadanddeveloptwo
containing substances such as glucose or
failure, stomachic disorder and many other
changedthetitleofJangjo’stombfroma
story housings in the middle of the
Though fermentation has a long history,
dextrose into lactic acid or alcohol. This
troublesbothmentallyandphysicallytoour
ByLimHyo-young
simple“myo”to“won”whichmeansthe
naturalforeststhatsurroundandconnects
peopledidnotknowhowitworkeduntilthe
way,themicroorganismsgainenergywhile
body.
ReporterofTheory&CritiqueSection
higher state. The title of Jangjo’s burial
YunggeolleungwithYongjusa.
19th century. Prominent French chemist A.
the character of the original substance
keeps on changing from Sueunmyo to
“It is our duty not to destroy but
Hyeolyungwon and again renamed, as
protectthehistoricallymeaningfulassets
Yungneung ? “neung” is the title,
whichareourquestedheritages.Wewill
2Dbarcodesrealizemobilecampus
which is given to only the tombs of the
protestuntilthegovernmentgivesupthis
Kings?in1899whenJangjowasgiven
plan,” master Bongak of Yongjusa
thehonorarytitleoftheKing.
remarked. Although there are
W
Yungneung is also famous for its
negotiations taking place between the
hat are the functions that mobile
due to its arrangements. According to the
called the “Hot code,” developed by a
appliedtothecode.Itisone’sresponsibility
luxuriousdecorationsandformalthough
two sides, they do not seem to come to
phones have apart from calling,
widthofabaroraspace,thecodeischanged
domesticenterprise,IconlabInc.
to take care of their student number and
the occupant was only titled a Crown
an agreement. It is somewhat bitter, for
receiving phones and sending out short
intooneorpluralnumbersofbinarybit,0or
“Hot code” is a bar code to hold
password.” Stated Ryu Jung-hee of the
Prince at the time. Jeongjo, who had
the situation facing Yunggeolleung
messages? Inside the Imun and Wangsan
1,whichformstheAmericanStandardCode
information that can be read by phone
IconlabInc.“Still,ifastudenttriestospread
greatloveforhisfather,builtitmuchin
seems to reflect the distorted relations
campus of the HUFS and the campus of
forInformationInterchange(ASCII).ASCII
cameras.Theimageofthecodeisamixture
onesHotcodetohisorherfriends,itwould
form of the royal tomb and decorated it
between the parents and children of our
other 45 universities such as Chung-Ang
expressescertainnumberorletter,duetothe
ofbarsandacheck-likepatternofdots.The
not be possible once a new Hot code is
sumptuously. Stone hedge, topped with
time.
University and Chonnam National
barsandspaceswhichreflectlightwhenthe
bars are called the “finding pattern” which
provided.Theonethatwasgrantedbeforeis
beautiful carvings of flower buds that
University, mobile phones are now able to
bar code cognizing device lights the bar
locates where the codes are positioned, and
unabletobereused.Thecodechangesevery
bear inscriptions indicating the compass
replace the student identification card. As a
code.
theliningonthecircumferencesofthecheck
timeitissentout.”
points,whichwereformallynotusedon
partofthe“NaMobileCampus”service,in
However, with the fast growing industry
pattern is the “timing pattern” that catches
ByLeeHyae-myung
accountoftheirlavishness,standsaround
operation with KTF and KAIST, the
and commerce, the bar code came to its
where the dots are placed exactly. When a
AssociateEditorofTheory&CritiqueSection
the grave mound. Also, the stone tigers
WirelessDigitalLibrary(WDL)andmobile
limit. New ways to hold and transfer vast
cameraonthemobilephonejustthrowslight
student ID card have been put to use since
amountofinformationbyjustattachingitto
on the bar code for a few minutes, the
April7.
theproductwasneeded.Withthisnecessity,
processorinsidethephonewillreadthebar
Once the mobile student identification,
the2dimensionalbarcodewasinventedin
codeandviewitsinformationdirectly.Inthe
which can be downloaded from the school
the 1980s. The most outstanding difference
caseofthemobilestudentIDatHUFS,the
website (www.hufs.ac.kr) following the
betweenthe1dimensionalbarcodeandthe
decoder that KTF provided in the library
simple steps, is downloaded into one’s
2 dimensional bar code is that it became
holds a processing camera. When a student
mobilephone,thestudentcanhaveaccessto
possibletoarrangetheinformationnotonly
shoots a bar code image, the camera reads
the library system, borrow books and also
inaverticalwaybutalsoinbothverticaland
thecode,admittingthestudentaccessinside
allotlibraryseats.Thetechnologythatmakes
horizontalways.Thismeansthatabout100
thelibrary.
LeeHyae-myung/TheArgus
this all possible is the 2 dimensional bar
times larger amount of high-density
However, despite the convenience of the
code.
information storage became possible. Also
mobilestudentID,thereareconcernsabout
Abarcode,justlikehowitiscalled,isa
with the 2 dimensional bar codes, it is
thesecurityandthepossibilityofduplication
code made of bars. The type of bar codes
possible to restore most of the destroyed
since it can be downloaded without much
usuallyfoundontheproductsthataresoldin
information and read the bar code from all
difficulty once the student number and the
markets and stores are called the 1
directions. There are various kinds of 2
passwordisinhand.“Although‘Hotcode’is
dimensional bar code. 1 dimensional bar
dimensional bar codes, such as the Matrix
aconvenientandnewtechnology,itdoesnot
ByLeeHyae-myung
codesarecomposedofblackbarsandwhite
Code. However, the code that HUFS has
meanitisperfect.Onlythestatusofsecurity
AssociateEditorofTheory&CritiqueSection
LeeHyae-myung/TheArgus
spaces where the information is produced
chosen for the mobile student ID card is
that the school system now provides is
Land
Pre-ChristianbeliefsamongancientRussians
Myths
affectingoursituationinmanyways,Russia
themyth,hishairandbeardwasgoldenand
siblings together. Perun seduced his own
VladimirtheGreatintroducedChristianityto
Russian belief remained in the orthodox.
wasonceoneofthemostinfluentialpowers
healwayscarriedahammerandasickleas
wife Ros the river-goddess, known as the
Russia. He spread orthodoxy throughout
Perun’sidentitywasabsorbedintothatofthe
on earth. The religious belief of its people
his weapons, which are the symbols of
namesakeofRussia,andmarriedSaule.Ros
Russia as the ancient Slavic gods retreated
prophet Elijah, whose chariot of fire racing
todayisRussianorthodox.However,thishas
Russia.
gave birth to a son Dazhbog, the lightning
from their contacts with their converted
across the sky recalled the lightening bolts
become a general scene only 10 centuries
Perunwasoriginallyagodofskysimilar
god, who later overwhelmed Perun as his
worshippers. This has made things difficult
associatedwiththeoldgod.Thiscreatesthe
ago.
to Zeus, but the Normans who founded
fatherhadoverwhelmedSvaros.
toexaminetheoriginandspecificdetailsof
mostimportantfeatureofRussianbelief;the
The foundation of the people’s spirit is
Russia converted him into a thunder-god
Like many other myths, Russian gods
originalSlavicgodstoday,sincemostofthe
syncretic belief of Slavic folklore and
different from the Russian orthodox. The
similar to their own, Thor. Still, there are
havevariousviewsonthemandhavestories
source of information on them were
Russianorthodox.
Russians are ethnically Slavs, East Slavs to
somefeaturesthatmakeRussianmythseem
slightly different from one another.
destroyed. There is a famous episode for
There are festivals that have been
be specific. Before the Slavs got separated
similartoGreekmyth.Thefamilytreeofthe
However, here is the main story of how
this. Vladimir who adopted the orthodox
succeeded from the pre-Christian times.
into South, East, and West Slavs, they had
godsandthepaththatPeruntooktogainhis
Peruncreatedthingsonearth.OnedayPerun
from Byzantine popped out the wooden
Maslenitsa, for example, is the day that
thesamebeliefs.Thefolkbeliefwhichthey
powers resemble the Greek myth. Perun is
setawaragainstVeles,thegodofearthand
statueofPerunfromtheKievMountainand
Russianscelebratetheapproachofspring.It
hadwaspolytheism.
thesonofLadaandSvaros,thesonofRod
nature. Perun cast fierce attacks on Veles
threw it away into the Dnepr after he got
usedtobeanagriculturalfestivalofancient
The Russian gods are the descendants of
and Erce and brother of Kalvis, Stribog,
with thunder, but Veles escaped hiding
baptized. And the whole nation was forced
Russia,containingrespectfornature,which
the Earth-Deity Rod and Erce, the Russian
Svarozvich, Svantovit, Ursula and Milda.
under rocks and turning himself into
togetbaptizedundertheorderoftheKing.It
ancientRussianshadtowardtheirgods.
Mother-Earth who in their earliest roles,
Perun and his brother Svantovit, the war-
animals. At last Perun won the war and
happened so suddenly that the people were
were worshipped by the ancient tribes
god,learnedhowtoinfluenceanddominate
made it rain heavily for days so as to
notreadytoacceptit,andtheirdearoriginal
O
ur neighbour Russia is a nation of the
presiding in the modern-day countries of
theirsiblingsintogainingthefavorsoftheir
celebrate his glory. The rain helped lives to
godswerenoteasilyforgotten,remainingin
ByLimHyo-young
largest territory, and has the seventh
Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The chief of
father. As a result, they received more
bebornonearth.
people’slives.
ReporterofTheory&CritiqueSection
largestpopulationintheworld.Stillstrongly
the Russian gods was Perun. According to
powers individually than the rest of their
By the end of the 10th century King
Large part of elements of the former

현재 포커스의 아래내용들은 동일한 컨텐츠를 가지고 페이지넘김 효과및 시각적 효과를 제공하는 페이지이므로 스크린리더 사용자는 여기까지만 낭독하시고 위의 페이지이동 링크를 사용하여 다음페이지로 이동하시기 바랍니다.