총 8페이지

MAY1,2001
PAGE5
INTERNATIONAL
http://maincc.hufs.ac.kr/~theargus
LookingintoFreeTradeAreaoftheAmericas(FTAA)
REFLECTINGOFTHEARGUS
FreeTradeforAllAmericas?
Labor&Capital
NO!OnlyPlanfortheUSA
T
he festival day of labor is May-Day. But the Korean workers do not feel such.
Aboutoveronemillionofworkersweredrivenawaytothestreetincourseofthe
rearrangementofeconomicstructureinKorea,whosefuryanddepressiongoesupand
up.Furthermore,mostofpeopleandcitizenswereangryatthegovernment,becauseof
P
II.Increaseinenvironmentaldamage
resident Bush and other 33 leaders of
speculation: under International Monetary
and their domestic partners. Another attack
the riot polices’ recent over-repressions to Daewoo automobilie’s workers. Anyone
theWesternHemisphere’sdemocracies
Fund (IMF) mandated policies, many Latin
The FTAA will problematic than the
on small farmers has been the trade
includingworkersofothercompanies,whosawtheviolationofpolice,ifconscientious,
gathering in Quebec, Canada affirmed their
American countries are being forced to sell
WTO services agreement. Instead of a
liberalization policy, under which Mexico
shouldfeelfalsetotheKim’sNobelprizeforpeace,TheynowareclaimingtheKim’s
commitmenttocompletenegotiationsonthe
off public assets - such as telephone and
systeminwhichcountrieshavesomeoptions
has opened up to imports of cheap, often
resignation.Andwewillthinkwhyonlyworkersareclubbedhard,whytheyhaveno
world’slargesttradeblock,FreeTradeArea
televisionservices,ports,airlines,hospitals-
about which service sectors they will
genetically modified U.S. corn grown with
theassemblyrighttolive,andwhatmakethemsoangry.Theyarerecoveringtheirlabor
of the Americas (FTAA) on April 22th. 34
often at good sale prices. As well, Latin
liberalize, the FTAA could require that all
subsidies. Mexican corn farmers are unable
sence.
widelydiversesocietiesandeconomiesinto
American currencies provide opportunities
countries open their markets in all service
tocompeteandaredrivenofftheland.The
ThelaborclassandthecapitalistsarebearingfromtheKapitaleconomicsystem.And
the FTAA and it is a community of 800
for speculators given that most countries -
sectors.Theresultislikelytobeasubstantial
picture that emerges is of a Mexican
thetwoclasswillbealwaysthereuntilthecollapseofcapitalism.Theyfeelalienation
million people stretching from Canada to
againasrequiredbytheIMF-haveremoved
increase in environmental damage as
economy in which livelihoods are being
andalonenesstothesocietyandthecapitalistclass.Thelabornevercanbefreefrom
Chile by a deadline of January 1st, 2005.
currencysafeguards.
harmful service operations expand. For
destroyed,particularlyintheagriculturaland
menacetounemploymentandmachine(automation).Itisthatiscalledforcapitalism.
FTAA is the formal name given to an
Indeed, the one holdout, Chile, has its
example, fossil fuel extraction and mining
smallbusinesssectors,andpeoplearebeing
Thelaborclassisrenamedoftheproletariat.Theproletariatistheclassthathasonly
expansion of NAFTA which would
capital controls to thank for its singular
are already among the leading causes of
driven into unemployment and poverty, but
labor power for production. They must sell the labor power to an employer in labor
dramatically reduce barriers to trade among
escapefromtheso-called“tequilaeffect”of
forestdestruction.Thehotelconstructionand
the export-oriented economy is failing to
marketlikeothercommodities.Ifdonot,theygetlittlepieceofbreadtolivetheirlife
nationsincludenearlyallofthecountriesin
financial instability after the 1995 Peso
tourism activities that already create great
createasufficientnumberofjobstoreplace
andtheirfamilies’.Theysellthemselvestolive.
the western hemisphere. Bush declared:
devaluation.Yet,theU.S.hasmadeitclear
pressure on many ecologically sensitive
theonesdestroyed.Ascanbeseenabove,it
Thecapitalistsarealwaysdevotedtotheircapital.Theirdutyistodoubletheircapital
“The people of Canada, Mexico and the
thatChilemusteliminatetheserulesifitisto
areas,includingbeachareasandcoralreefs,
is manifest that FTAA, the expansion of
continuously. If stopping to make an double money even for a second, they will be
United States have benefited greatly from
beallowedtojoinaninvestmentagreement
will also likely be expanded. Meanwhile,
NAFTA is going to drive American a
defeatedbyothercompetitionsoon.Theyworkformoremoneywithfaithfulness.That
NAFTA which is created good jobs in all
withtheUnitedStates.Acenterpieceofthe
waterextractionandsupplyserviceswillbe
precariousposition.
islogicofcapital.Therefore,capitalistshalltreatworkerasafactorofproduct.
three nations. Now we must extend those
FTAA negotiations is a investment
increasingly privatized, even in areas where
Thelaborisusuallyagainstthecapitalist.Humanhearthasworkers.Soulandspirits
opportunities to all with a free trade
agreement much like the Multilateral
private operators may deplete scarce water
haveworkers.Tobehandledasapieceofmachineandnottogetafairpayment,they
agreement for the entire Western
Agreement on Investment. Indeed, FTAA’s
supplies.
arenotinfactoryanymore.Theyshallfightforthemselves.Anyonewhoishumanvital
Hemisphere.”
investment chapter has been tagged as an
andisthreatenedwiththeirliving,hastherighttostruggleagainstnomaterwhatitis.
ByKwonHye-mi
III.Seriousimpactonemployment
The objectives of the FTAA is ▲to
“earlyharvest”chapterbecausetheNAFTA
Thatisthelegitimateself-defense.Theirclaimsisreasonable.
ReporterofInternationalSection
promote prosperity through increased
Chapter11Investmenttextisbeingusedasa
FTAA is likely to have a serious adverse
Although the revolutionary socialism movement has regressed backward along to
integration and free trade among Americas,
draft,withnegotiationsonlycoveringifand
collapse of social communities following the Soviet Union’s, the labor class remains
▲progressivelyeliminatebarrierstotradein
how it might be changed. There are also
andwillalwaysdoeswiththecapitalisticproductivesystem.Theseisnousefulnessto
goods,servicesandinvestment,▲maximize
FTAA negotiating groups for: Market
human economy without the blue workers’ fundamental production. Because
market openness, ▲strive to make trade
Access,Services,GovernmentProcurement,
commercials, services or transport department of economy all can exist on existing
liberalization and environmental policies
Dispute Settlement, Agriculture, Intellectual
commodities. Even if the machinary are forcing out human’s works and social
mutually supportive, ▲secure observance
Property Rights, Subsidies, Antidumping
productiveforceisrapidlydeveloping,humanbeingcomestofeelalone,alienationand
and protection of worker rights. This
andCountervailingDuties,andCompetition
discouragementmorethanbefore.Laborhadgottentheirrightstomakeasacrificeof
consensus for FTAA is reflect desire of
Policy.
theirbloodyfromfactorysincethehistoryofcapitalism.
American states which want to make 21st
MorethanonemillionU.S.jobshavebeen
impactisonemployment.
A couple of bourgeois revolutions had occurred in the early history of western
CenturyageofAmericasandcopewithAsia
lostduetocorporationsrelocatingtoMexico
An effect of NAFTA has
Europe,alongwithaserialofcapitalisticrevolutions.Andthenproletarianrevolutions
andEuropebyunitedeffort.
sinceNAFTAwentintoeffectsixyearsago.
been to create conditions in
alsohadfollowedsoon.Theproletarianshadstoppedthemachinaryandstrikedforlife
In spite of these positive prospect,
Some eight million Mexicans have fallen
Mexico which encourage
and against capital. It is that they rised in anger and violence. But more enormous
however, high tension atmosphere
from the middle class into poverty, and an
migration. To conform with
violencearmedwiththegasgun,clubs,andeconomicfetterstosuppresstheviolence
surrounded the three-day summit with
explosion in industry-related illnesses. The
NAFTA,
the
Mexican
strikedbacktothelabor.Noneofsocietytothelabor,bythelaborandforthelaborshall
clouds of tear gas. Thousands of
malignant effects of NAFTA were
government had to change an
not survive and be developed for always. The fall of human nature it is. Fortunately,
demonstrators from the Americas and
anticipated by the indigenous people of the
ArticleoftheConstitution,toallow
however,theessencialconditionstogloballyunitethelaboralongwithdevelopmentof
Europe protested intensely against
MexicanstateofChiapas,theZapatistaswho
privatization of collectively owned
productiveforcesarecomingtoreach.
Neoliberalism. Canadian police Thursday
revoltedtheverydayitwentintoeffect.
farms. This was to facilitate the acquisition
Who does not know what capital logic is. The logic is structure logic to hack the
finishedsealingofftheheartofQuebecCity,
For the Americans, international
of large amounts of agricultural lands by
human heart, and the human labor, not the logic that money bears more money as
topreventthekindofdisruptiveproteststhat
agreementsliketheFTAAareinstrumentsof
transnational agribusinesses. As a result,
egoism.Capitalisnotdepositsmoneyforworkertosaveahalfoftheirwagesandfor
led to the breakdown of the 1999 World
U.S.policy.TheU.S.istheworldsdominant
small farmers have been driven off the
millionaire’sprosperitytoearnfromalottery.Capitalmakecapitalistssoworkhardto
TradeOrganizationtalksinSeattle.
powerandhasnoplanstogiveupanyofthe
land,buttherearenojobsforthem.The
accumulate more capital. They also shall be free from the risk of capital. Only if
advantages that status brings with it. On
exportprocessingzone,sectoristheonly
capitalistsfightagainstthelogicofcapitalalltogether,theycanregardaworkerasa
I. FTAA, instruments of America
trade,forover50years,theyhavepursueda
sectoroftheMexicaneconomythathas
humanvital,notafactorofproduction,andmakeeffortstodosomethinginpartnership
expandingpolicy
carrot and stick approach. Under the
shownsignificantgrowthsinceNAFTA,
with workers now. Now capitalists of all countries, Unite! And Working men of all
Under the NAFTA, U.S. and Canadian
NAFTA and FTAA the carrot is reduced
expandingfromaworkforceof546,433
countries,Unite!May-Dayshallbethefestivaldaythathumanclaimtheallreleaseof
based multinational corporations and
tariffsandapparentincreasedaccesstotheir
the day NAFTA went into effect, to a
ourselvesfromthecapital.
speculators see Latin America as a land of
market. The stick is that U.S. trading
workforce of 983,272 in April 1998.
their opportunity. It offers a low-wage
partnershavetogiveuptheindustrialpolicy
Meanwhile, small businesses have
workforce and less stringent environmental
measures they need to develop products for
suffered - 28,000 small businesses in
LeeSang-jin
andhealthrules,tosaynothingofthelureof
American customers, world exports, and
Mexicohaveclosedbetween1994and1997
EditorialConsultantofTheArgus
privatization and opportunities for
eventhehomemarket.
because of competition from multinationals
Int’lSummerCampMaking
Global
UniversitylifeinUniversitasPelitaHarapan,Indonesia
Sketch
ForeignFriendsinKorea
EasytoEnter,However,HardtoGraduate
T
he Korea National Commission for
communicateinEnglish,butitdoesn’tneed
UNESCO invites young people to its
to be perfect. 130 dollars is payable upon
36th International Youth Camp being
registration at the camp. A self-introduction
W
presented on the theme “Volunteer for life,
English essay and a recommendation of a
hile I was in Indonesia, I spent my
being a second grade student is more
knowledge.Sobeingacceptedinauniversity
Life for volunteer”. 100 foreign students
head of a department are also needed. You
freshman year at Universitas Pelita
difficult because when you enter the third
is not such a big deal for Indonesian
from all over the world and 50 Korean
can download an application from
Harapan, which is a private Christian
grade of high school you can choose the
students.
students will meet together and promote a
“youth.unesco.or.kr/iyc”Applicationsshould
institutionofhighereducation.Ithasthetask
departmentyouwouldliketostudy;natural
The biggest reason why there are many
more active and constructive role of youth
besubmittedby5:00p.m.,May4,2001to:
and function of expanding the intellectual
science, social science and economy,
students who do not pursue a higher
forworldpeacefromJuly15thto28th.
ability of the people, especially those
language and religion. They don’t put too
education is that because they do not have
The UN set up this year as the
attendinghighereducation.
much stress on you. Only students who are
enough support from their parents and it is
Korea National Commission for
“International Year of Volunteers 2001”.
As an institution of higher education
willing to go to public universities have to
impossibleforIndonesianstudentstofinda
UNESCO
This camp is going to be a place for
located in Jakarta, the capital city of
studyhard.
parttimejobstopaytheirowntuitionfees.
P.O.BoxCentral64Seoul,Korea
understanding the meaning and background
Indonesia, UPH is responsible for nurturing
Therearetwokindsofuniversityentrance
Therearenotmanyparttimejobsandifyou
Tel:755-9068
of the International Year of Volunteers and
anddevelopinghumanrecoursestomeetthe
examinations. One is for entering public
get one the salary will only be enough for
Fax:755-9069
Thewriterisontheleft.
leading students participation. Through an
needs of development, especially in the big
universitiesandtheotheroneisforentering
snacks.Youcannotfindastudentwithapart
E-mail:iyc@unesco.or.kr
internationalcultureexchangeprogram,you
cities, and for being integrated with the
private universities. Usually the entrance
time job who earns more money than a
can promote mutual understanding for each
universal scientific community. The
examination for the public universities is
company’semployee.
between senior and junior is just like dogs
ByKwonHye-mi/TheArgus
culture and realize the identity of your own
university’s programs are directed toward
held in few days earlier than private
The first week of academic year for
andcats.InIndonesia,seniorsdonotexpect
native culture. From July 17th to 27th,
majorscientificdevelopments,thatis,global
universities on the same day all over
freshmen is the week of orientation. This is
youtogreetthemandtheyalsodonothave
studentswillparticipateinThe
harmony through wisdom and technology.
Indonesia. We can say that the competition
the most difficult week for all of the
the “obligation” to buy their juniors a meal
WorkCampwhereagroupof
This main scientific pattern is a basic
to enter public universities is as tight as the
freshmen.Freshmenarerequiredtogettheir
nortohelpthemwiththeirreports.Theydo
15 students visit organizations
principle,whichhastobemanifestedfurther
competition to enter universities in Korea.
senior’ssignaturebutthereisarule.Therule
not have a drinking culture because more
related to human rights, the
intheexecutionoftheeducationalprogram
Only qualified or lucky students can pass
istodowhatevertheseniorwantsyoutodo.
than 90% of Indonesians are Moslems. If a
environment,volunteerismand
inUPH.
thatexamination.
Theymayhavetosing,dance,readingalove
seniordoesnotgreetajuniorthanthejunior
cultural heritages such as
Influenced by the Netherlands’
These exams contain English, Math,
poem,actlikeamoviestar,drivethemhome
should not greet him. Sometimes students
Korean Federation for
colonialism, Indonesian universities have
SocialScience,Pancasila(thebasicideology
or even wash their cars. On the last day of
mayfacetroublejustbecausetheyarebeing
Environmental Changnyong
their first semester of the year from
of Indonesia), and some other subjects
the orientation they make freshman dress
friendly.
MovementandtheShelterfor
September to December and the second
depending on what department you are
likeaclown.
As mentioned above, being accepted in a
the Woman Drafted for
semestertermisfromMarchtoJune,exactly
planning to enter. They also have courses
For instance, they wear socks with
universityisnottheendofthewarbutitis
Military Sexual Slavery by
the opposite from Korea. There isn’t a fall
preparing students for exams. And if you
differentcolors,girlshavetobraidtheirhair,
thebeginning.Mid-termandfinalexamsare
JapanandtheChongsunArari
semester nor a spring semester, what they
pass the exam you will receive many
dependingonhowoldtheyare,withcolorful
very difficult. Students cannot choose a
Cultural Research Institute.
havetherearecalledthe“oddsemester”and
advantages including a good quality
ribbonsandguyshavetocuttheirhairlikea
“generous” professor and easily get an A+.
Most of the work places are
the “even semester.” Indonesian people call
educationwithalowertuitionfeecompared
soldierandcarryballoonsofdifferentcolors.
The exam questions are uniform, so the
organized in small towns or
them this because Indonesia is a tropical
toprivateuniversities.
They make freshman do humiliating things
professors have to follow the university’s
villages which are not tourist
country and it only has summer throughout
Thesecondtypeofexamistoenterprivate
and then make them take public
curriculum and there is also country exam.
oriented areas and where
theyear.
universities. These exams are much easier
transportation. After a week of orientation
Another qualification for graduation is to
campers can experience the
EnteringuniversitiesinIndonesiaisnotas
than the other type. They are called Ujian
freshmanunderstandwhatamentaltraining
write a thesis, which causes students to
realsideofpeople’sdailylife.
difficultasitisinKorea.Itismoredifficult
MasukPerguruanTinggiNegeri(UMPTN).
reallyis.
spendmoretimeinschoolbeforegraduating.
The
age
range
for
for Indonesian students to graduate than to
When they are given depends on the
Every university has their university’s
participation is between 18-27
enter a university. Being accepted in a
universities. So students must take the
jacket. So when there is an occasion where
years-of- age. English is used
universityisnottheendofawarbutitisthe
examination at the university related. Some
students from many universities gather it
throughout the entire camp as
beginning. There, high school third grade
universities only give a psychological test,
signifies which university a student attends
the common language.
students do not have to spend most of their
IQorEQtest.Wecanseeherethattheygive
anditisalsoasymbolofpride.
YangChan-sim(M-98)
Campers have to be able to
time in schools or institutes. In Indonesia,
priority to a student’s talents not to their
Unlike Korea, generally the relationship

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