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Culture Focus
that ruled North Gyeongsang Province Uljin, 218 km away from Seoul, Ulleng Island, and Dokdo until
theearly6thcentury.Therefore,Uljin,UlleungIsland,andDokdosharesimilarmythsanddialects.Some
argue that Usanguk is a hypothetical country that never existed, but this is not true. The vast number of
records,includinghistory,specialproducts,andculture,wouldbeunexplainableifUsangukdidnotexist.
Therefore,itclearlyshowsthatUsangukwasacountrythatexistedbeforetheSillaperiod.*Accordingto
recordsfromtheSillaDynasty,Usangukwasacountrythatusedtheseaasitsbasisforlivingaroundthe
East Sea coast, including Ulleung Island and Dokdo. In addition, subject case markers “I” and “ga” are
usedseparatelyinthestandardKoreanlanguage,butthecombineduseof“I”and“ga”isacharacteristic
phenomenon that occurs only in the East Coast region. The fact that people who lived in Ulleung Island
andDokdoalsousedthesubjectcasemarker“iga”canconfirmthattheyhadasharedculture.
*SillaPeriod:SillawasoneofthethreeancientkingdomsontheKoreanPeninsulaandlastedfrom57BCto935BC.
2-2.CausesDuetoTopographicalCharacteristics
The reason why culture was able to be shared between Ulleung Island
Foundation
and Dokdo is that the actual distance between them is close. Ulleung
IslandandDokdoareonly87.4kmapart.Consideringthatthedistance
ⓒDokdo
fromWando,locatedatthesouthernmosttipoftheKoreanPeninsula,to
Jeju Island is 105 km, the distance between Ulleung Island and Dokdo
is closer. The “Sangoku Setsujochizu” drawn by Japanese geographer
Hayashi Shihei in 1785 shows the distance between Ulleung Island and
Dokdo to be very close and states Dokdo is the land of Joseon,* which
confirmsthatDokdohadKoreanculture.Inaddition,the“Geographical
▲ he“SangokuSetsujochizu”map
AppendixtotheVeritableRecordsofKingSejong,”*says“Thedistance
providesevidencethatDokdoisa
Korean island. In fact, the distance
betweenthetwoislandsUsandoandMureungdo*isnotfar,soUsancan
between Dokdo and Ullengdo is
beseenwiththenakedeyefromMureungdowhentheweatherisclear.”
70km closer than the distance
betweenDokdoandOkiIsland.
Likewise,thefactthatthedistancebetweenUlleungIslandandDokdois
closeandthatUlleungIslandpeopleappearintheDokdolegendandDokdoappearsintheUlleungIsland
legendisevidencethatculturalexchangesbetweenthetwoislandsoccurred.
*Joseon:AdynastythatruledtheKoreanPeninsulafrom1392to1897.
*GeographicalAppendixtotheVeritableRecordsofKingSejong:Geographicalappendixpublishedinthe“VeritableRecordsofKing
Sejong.”“VeritableRecordsofKingSejong”isabookthatrecordedhistoricalfactsfromAugustoftheyearofKingSejong’saccessionto
the4thKingofJoseonuntilhisdeathinFebruaryofthe32ndyearofKingSejong’sreign,compiledin1454andincludesthehistoryofeach
province.Historicsites,products,topography,etc.wererecordedindetail.
*Mureungdo:TheoldnameofUlleungIsland.
3
AccordingtotheEncyclopediaofKoreanCulture,immortalnarrativesrefertostoriesaboutimmortalsand
the magic they wield. The founding myth of the Republic of Korea, in which Dangun* came down from
Godlived
the sky and founded the country according to the will of “Hongikingan,”* is also part of the immortal
inDokdo
narratives. The immortal narratives have been passed down for a long period of time. In addition, The
SecretofUsandohasthetypicalcharacteristicsofimmortalnarratives.
*Dangun:AlegendaryfigurewhoissaidtobethemythicalfounderoftheKoreanpeopleandthefounderofGojoseon.
*HongikIngan:Awordthatmeans“benefithumanitywidely.”
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OCTOBER 2023

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