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T&Ctower
crimson, Mo-tzu’s philosophy of Bi-jeon (anti-war) and
CanMo-tzu’sidealsberealized?
Bi-gong (pacifism) represents one of the earliest anti-war
For the current age, world peace could not come at a
movements in history and is a direct predecessor to the
bettertime.Butthegulfseparatingsuchanidealsituation
movementsoftoday.
fromthecomplexrealityofmoderndayissuesisvast.
Inthefilm“BattleofWits”(theoriginaltitlewas“Mohist
Attack”),ChinesefilmstarAndyLauplaysfamedMohist
WhoisMo-tzuandwhatisMohism?
Mo-tzu (B.C 470? ~ 390?, China) was born a few years
devoteeHyeok-ri,whileKoreanactorandHUFSgraduate
after Confucius’ death and was raised during what is
Ahn Seong-gi plays the role of a military general from
known as the Spring and Autumn Warring States period
thestateofZhao,whichispreparingaforceof100,000to
ofChina’shistory,whentheZhoudynasty’sfeudalsociety
invadetheneighboringLiangstate.
wasswiftlycollapsingundertheweightofwarringfeudal
The film’s plot revolves around efforts by Hyeok-ri to
lords. Like other thinkers of his age, Mo-tzu puts his
protectthestateofLiangbycreatingabulwarkandseries
mindtowardresolvingtheconflictsofhistumultuousage.
oftrapsforZhao’sarmy.Hissuccesswinshimenormous
AlthoughoriginallyafollowerofConfuciusinhisyouth,
popularity, drawing the ire of local officials who banish
Mo-tzu came to see in the teaching an over-emphasis on
him from the country, whereupon the armies of Zhao,
external ritual, without any active engagement in real-
upon learning that the Mohist hero has left the country,
world affairs. Mo-tzu came to see ritual as a waste of
launch a second attack. Hyeon-ri returns to a Liang in
governmentfundsandanineffectivemeansofpreventing
ruins,departingwithseveralorphansintow.
war.Assuchhelefttheteachingtofoundhisownschool,
DefendingLiangfromtheaggressionsofZhao,Hyeo-ri
whichbecamethebasisofthescholarlymovementknown
embodieshisMohistbeliefs.Inonescene,awomanfrom
asMohism.
Liang asks whether he would run to the defense of Zhao
Foundedinthe5thCenturyBC,Mo-tzu’sschooltaught
if it came under attack. “Without question,” is his reply.
the centrality of what
“I would do that without hesitation.” To put the question
he called “Universal
inamoremoderncontext,ifKoreaweretoinvadeJapan,
Love,” which when
couldaKoreanMohistcometothedefenseofJapan?
put into practice
For most there are emotional limitations that prevent us
reflected a love without
from living up to our ideals. As with Mo-tzu’s teaching,
distinction. In contrast
realityoftenpreventstherealizationofperfectpeace.
Confucian philosophy
upheld the principle of
Towardsanewera
“Benevolence,” while
As the long-established walls of
maintaining a clear
Confucian doctrine that have held
boundary between the
sway across East Asia are eroded
love one held toward
by successive waves of Western
one’s family and
influence, with its emphasis
that for one’s fellow
on individualism, capitalism,
countrymen.
rationalism, etc., the teachings of
Among Confucian
Mo-tzuareagainreemerging.
scholars,Menciusinparticularlaunchedfierceattackson
Western culture gained global preeminence primarily
Mo-tzu’steaching,describinganyonewhodidnotuphold
through military might, however, which has led to a
filial piety as the highest of virtues as a “beast who did
certain perception of peace activists as fringe elements.
notknowhisparents.”
“Todaypeoplepraisewarheroesbutdiscriminateagainst
Mohism’s emphasis on living a utilitarian and frugal
peaceactivistsasmembersofacult,”saidKeeSae-chun
life, as well as the priority it placed on scientific thought
inhistranslatedwork.
as opposed to superstition, also placed Mo-tzu and his
With conflicts heightening around the world, with a
followers on the fringes of society. After Confucianism
Koreathatremainsdivided,perhapsMohismcanpresent
wasadoptedasthestateideologyduringtheHanDynasty,
analternativetothestrife-tornapproachtoglobalaffairs
Mohismwentintorapiddeclinewithfollowerseventually
thatwearecurrentlyapartof.
persecutedasmembersofahereticalsect.
ssjss@hufs.ac.kr
2010
MARCH

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