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or conditioned stimulation, phobias are produced.”
Jae-hong
Reactions of conditioned reflexes are a big cause of
phobias. There have been many experiments about this
Ko
Professor
theory. John Watson, a Chicago University professor,
researched the relationship between phobias and the
reactions of conditioned reflexes following a path similar
to Pavlov’s unconditioned reflex experiments. He showed
awhiterabbitdolltoathree-year-oldchildwhilemaking
aloudnoise.Hereplayedthissituation.Thebabybecame
▲ This experiment show that phobia is produced by conditioned stimulus
scaredofthewhiterabbitdoll.
andunconditionedstimulus.
The child even showed panic symptoms whenever he
sawwhitestuff.Watsonsaidthatifthereisarelationship
Ko said, “This therapy is a kind of remedy through
betweenfearandunconditionedstimulusandconditioned
systematic desensitization. This is about decreasing a
stimulus that induces phobias, then phobias can appear.
person’sphobiaofspecifickindsoffrights.Ateachstage,
For example, while patients sit in chairs in dental offices,
when people do not show phobic reactions, then they are
drills are used as painful remedies to dental issues. The
givenreinforcementssuchasrewards.Throughsystematic
chairscanbeconsideredadissolvedconditionedstimulus
change, they may ultimately lose their phobias.” For
and the painful feelings remembered whenever seeing
example, a girl who was scared of spiders was at first
those items is the dissolved unconditioned stimulus.
givenpicturesofspiderstolookat.Ifshedidnotbecome
If there are psychological connections to a dentist’s
scared, then she received reinforcement. During the next
remedies, then people might feel fear whenever thinking
stage, she got a spider toy as reinforcement if she did not
aboutthechairsindentaloffices.
become scared. Ultimately, she conquered her phobia of
However, there are exceptions, so we cannot be
spiders.Thisisanexampleofsystematicdesensitization.
completely convinced about this. Nevertheless, this
conditioned stimulus can be a big cause of phobias.
Now we know that phobias are caused as the results of
Through watching the changes of the sympathetic nerve,
experiences through conditioned stimulus and reactions
wecanjudgephobiastobeaninstinctforsurvival.
to survive. This is a normal reaction after seeing the
operation of the amygdaloid body. We need to think of
phobias as natural symptoms rather than human mental
HowCanWeResolvePhobicReactions?
Thesolutionsforphobiasaredifferentwitheachtheory.
complexes.
However, depending on the conditioned reflex referenced
201000578@hufs.ac.kr
above,therearesolutionscalledbehaviortherapy.
Jae-hong
Ko
Professor
◀ Throughbehavior
therapywecanconquer
phobia.
MAY 2011

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