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Prometheus
receive the echo, and sound
relies on real-time data from its onboard sensors to guide it
Robotics
waves travel at a speed of
efficiently and safely during exploration. Operators pre-input
1,500 meters per second
the target’s shape into the submersible’s computer, allowing
ⓒBlue
underwater, the calculation
the submersible to learn about the target in advance. In
indicates that the distance
essence, the computer overseeing all the submersible’s paths
between the object and the
and data employs pre-trained information and continuously
submersible is 750 meters,
updateddatafromthesubmersible’ssensorstoensureoptimal
▲ Multiple sonar beams build up to
forma“scan”.
considering the round trip
testingresults.Thisincludestaskssuchasdistancecontrolto
of the sound wave. Sonar
the object under examination, collision avoidance, and object
Robotics
does not emit just a single
recognition, highlighting the importance of the submersible’s
ⓒBlue
sound wave; it sends out
ability to effectively use sensors to detect and respond to its
multiple sound waves in all
changingenvironment.
directions. This allows the
AUVs,muchlikeROVs,relyonthemovementoftheirhulls
▲ bjectsinthesonar’sbeampattern
ROV to precisely determine
to overcome buoyancy and navigate underwater. However,
get acoustically “illuminated,” and
their echoes bounce back to the
the position and shape
a fundamental difference between the two is that AUVs do
sonarforimageinterpretation.
of objects in its vicinity.
not operate with a direct cable connection to the surface;
Lee Yong-kuk, a principal
they function as unmanned submersibles without a physical
researcher at KIOST, explains that ROVs primarily employ
cable link. Consequently, AUVs must autonomously navigate
this sound wave-based function for conducting exploration
underwaterwhileavoidingobstaclesbasedonapredetermined
and investigations, often employing underwater cameras for
route. This level of autonomous operation surpasses that
close-up photography. The advantage of this approach is that
of ground and aerial drones. Furthermore, because AUVs
the mother ship on the surface can simultaneously monitor
lack a real-time cable connection, they rely on pre-charged
and view the results, making it a valuable tool for various
batteries for power, which imposes limits on their operating
applications.
time. Researcher Min explains, “AUVs operate using pre-
charged batteries, which means their operational time is
restrictedcomparedtoROVs.Batteriesmaybecomedepleted
(2)AUV
While unmanned submersibles carry out their missions, it
during exploration, or unforeseen circumstances may lead to
is important to recognize that the underwater environment
batteryloss.”AUVsareequippedwithvarioussensors,power
is dynamic and subject to constant change. Therefore, these
supplies, control systems, and multifunctional components.
submersiblesmustpossessthecapabilitytoeffectivelyutilize
They use pre-entered information to independently carry out
sensors to detect and react to their surroundings. Although
exploration and investigation tasks. According to Researcher
changes can often be predicted before a mission, unforeseen
Lee of KRISO, AUVs typically incorporate six sensors.
incidentssuchasnavigatingobstacleslikereefsorchallenging
Among these, the depth sensor measures the AUV’s depth,
currents may occur. Consequently, unmanned submersibles
whichcanpotentiallybeupto100meters.Theinertialsensor
must feature autonomous functions capable of problem-
provides information on speed and direction, including
solving. One of these functions is sonar, which is also used
acceleration,
in ROVs. Min Won-gi, a principal researcher of KIOST,
angular velocity,*
ⓒMDPI
explains, “Sonar is used in AUVs to identify objects in their
and attitude along
path. However, unlike ROVs, AUVs do not have devices
the x, y, and z
like arms or buckets, making it difficult to collect deep-sea
axes. Nonetheless,
resources or marine life. Additionally, AUVs face challenges
o n g o i n g
in changing their course immediately, so if they encounter
research in the
obstacleslikeseaweedorrocks,theymaybeunabletocollect
field of AUVs
samples.” Therefore, the submersible’s information system
is addressing
▲ AUVs use multiple sensors to avoid obstacles
inthesea.
28
www.theargus.org
receive the echo, and sound
relies on real-time data from its onboard sensors to guide it
Robotics
waves travel at a speed of
efficiently and safely during exploration. Operators pre-input
1,500 meters per second
the target’s shape into the submersible’s computer, allowing
ⓒBlue
underwater, the calculation
the submersible to learn about the target in advance. In
indicates that the distance
essence, the computer overseeing all the submersible’s paths
between the object and the
and data employs pre-trained information and continuously
submersible is 750 meters,
updateddatafromthesubmersible’ssensorstoensureoptimal
▲ Multiple sonar beams build up to
forma“scan”.
considering the round trip
testingresults.Thisincludestaskssuchasdistancecontrolto
of the sound wave. Sonar
the object under examination, collision avoidance, and object
Robotics
does not emit just a single
recognition, highlighting the importance of the submersible’s
ⓒBlue
sound wave; it sends out
ability to effectively use sensors to detect and respond to its
multiple sound waves in all
changingenvironment.
directions. This allows the
AUVs,muchlikeROVs,relyonthemovementoftheirhulls
▲ bjectsinthesonar’sbeampattern
ROV to precisely determine
to overcome buoyancy and navigate underwater. However,
get acoustically “illuminated,” and
their echoes bounce back to the
the position and shape
a fundamental difference between the two is that AUVs do
sonarforimageinterpretation.
of objects in its vicinity.
not operate with a direct cable connection to the surface;
Lee Yong-kuk, a principal
they function as unmanned submersibles without a physical
researcher at KIOST, explains that ROVs primarily employ
cable link. Consequently, AUVs must autonomously navigate
this sound wave-based function for conducting exploration
underwaterwhileavoidingobstaclesbasedonapredetermined
and investigations, often employing underwater cameras for
route. This level of autonomous operation surpasses that
close-up photography. The advantage of this approach is that
of ground and aerial drones. Furthermore, because AUVs
the mother ship on the surface can simultaneously monitor
lack a real-time cable connection, they rely on pre-charged
and view the results, making it a valuable tool for various
batteries for power, which imposes limits on their operating
applications.
time. Researcher Min explains, “AUVs operate using pre-
charged batteries, which means their operational time is
restrictedcomparedtoROVs.Batteriesmaybecomedepleted
(2)AUV
While unmanned submersibles carry out their missions, it
during exploration, or unforeseen circumstances may lead to
is important to recognize that the underwater environment
batteryloss.”AUVsareequippedwithvarioussensors,power
is dynamic and subject to constant change. Therefore, these
supplies, control systems, and multifunctional components.
submersiblesmustpossessthecapabilitytoeffectivelyutilize
They use pre-entered information to independently carry out
sensors to detect and react to their surroundings. Although
exploration and investigation tasks. According to Researcher
changes can often be predicted before a mission, unforeseen
Lee of KRISO, AUVs typically incorporate six sensors.
incidentssuchasnavigatingobstacleslikereefsorchallenging
Among these, the depth sensor measures the AUV’s depth,
currents may occur. Consequently, unmanned submersibles
whichcanpotentiallybeupto100meters.Theinertialsensor
must feature autonomous functions capable of problem-
provides information on speed and direction, including
solving. One of these functions is sonar, which is also used
acceleration,
in ROVs. Min Won-gi, a principal researcher of KIOST,
angular velocity,*
ⓒMDPI
explains, “Sonar is used in AUVs to identify objects in their
and attitude along
path. However, unlike ROVs, AUVs do not have devices
the x, y, and z
like arms or buckets, making it difficult to collect deep-sea
axes. Nonetheless,
resources or marine life. Additionally, AUVs face challenges
o n g o i n g
in changing their course immediately, so if they encounter
research in the
obstacleslikeseaweedorrocks,theymaybeunabletocollect
field of AUVs
samples.” Therefore, the submersible’s information system
is addressing
▲ AUVs use multiple sensors to avoid obstacles
inthesea.
28
www.theargus.org
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