총 48페이지
30페이지 본문시작
Cover Story
Afinancialburdenonfarmersandthegovernment
AtthetimewhenthericeproductionsystemwasstabilizedandTong-ilwasinfullswing,farmerswereironicallylookingfora
chancetoescapefromthestandardizedsystem.Thiswasbecauseitwasmorelikelytogetagreaterprofitfromthecultivationof
othercrops.SinceTong-il’sfirstintroductiontothegrainmarket,Tong-ilwassoldatapriceabout10percentlowerthanJaponica.
Additionally,thepricegapbetweenthemhaswidenedduetoTong-il’sunpalatabletaste,andthepriceofTong-ilplungedtohalf
thatofJaponicain1979.Moreover,themilledricerecoverybasedonroughriceofTong-ilwaslowerthanJaponica.
Tong-il’shigh-maintenancecultivationmethod,whichrequiredsubstantialfertilizersandpesticides,alsoincreasedfarmingcosts
and had an adverse effect on farmer’s income. In addition, rice straws of Tong-il were not suitable for straw craft, which was a
majorsidejobforfarmersatthetime,astheyweretooshortinlengthandeasilycrushedaftergettingwet.Asaresult,despitethe
factthatTong-il’syieldsshowed30percenthigherunitproductioncomparedtoexistingvarieties,thenetincomeoffarmerswas
small,consideringthelowmarketprice,extraexpenses,andthesalessystemdependentonthegovernment.
ThefinancialburdenofthegovernmentwhichincreasedeveryyearwasanotherproblemthatTong-ilposed.Theadministration’s
deficit had continued to be accumulated since 1968, as it has maintained the high purchase price of rice. Therefore, once Korea
escapedthestateofabsolutericeshortage,thegovernmentshiftedthekeynoteofitspolicytopreventingfurtherincreaseinrice
surplusstock.Inaddition,adeclineinprofitabilityofheavyandchemicalindustries,andthe1979oilcrisisputastrainonevery
cornerofeconomy.Thus,thegovernmenthadnochoicebuttoabolishitshighricepricepolicy.
However, it was an act that ignored the patience and cooperation of farmers who had grown Tong-il under the government’s
guidelineevenifitwasagainstmarketprinciple.AftertheassassinationofParkChung-hee,anardentsupportofTong-il,farmers
whowerefreedfromalongpoliticaloppressionwerenotwillingtoplantTong-ilfamilyanymore.PresidentChunDoo-hwan,the
successor of Park Chung-hee, also hinted at the termination of the unilaterally forced farming system, and took measures such
as reducing the purchase volume of Tong-il and taking Tong-il’s name off the incentivized varieties. In the end, Tong-il quickly
disappearedfromricepaddies,andthecenterofthericebreedingresearchmovedtoJaponicaaswell.
The glory brought by Tong-il was absolutely marvelous. Only six years after the cultivation of Tong-il began, Korea was
able to accomplish the Green Revolution and escape from famine. The golden age did not last very long. The limitations
ofTong-ilsooncametolight,disillusioningpeopleoftheirdreams,andtheroleofTong-ilwassoonreplacedbyotherrice
varieties. However, there was unexpected success with Tong-il at Senegal recently. ISRIZ, a rice variety stemmed from
Tong-il,showedmorethantwicetheyieldofthatofthelocalbreed,anditisexpectedtocontributetosolvingagricultural
problemsinAfrica.Tomakethisdreamareality,thepreparationforpotentialriskfactorsandcontinuousfeedbackshould
beaccompanied.Ifso,whoknows?Tong-il,whichlostitsgloryandfellintothetrenches,willregainitshonor.TheArgus
praysthatfaminearoundtheworldwillbeeradicatedinthenearfuture.
nak3096@hufs.ac.kr
Reference
Widecross
Glossary
sterility, the inhibition of the
One of the breeding techniques
reproductive capacity of first or
KimTae-ho.2009.“NewRiceTongilandthe
which cross species from distant
later generation hybrids between
Technological System of Rice Production in
Barleyhump
gene pools. It is a unique tool
geneticallydifferentspecies.
South Korea, 1966-1980”. Quarterly Review
The period between May and
to introduce useful traits in a
ofKoreanHistory.(74):113-145.
June, when the fall harvest runs
variety of agricultural applications,
NoRiceDay
out, but the barley is not yet ripe.
Kim Young-mi. 2012. “The Lifeworld of a
especially beneficial agronomical
A day when people are not
Many Koreans in the past had to
Farmer and the Yushin System(Revitalizing
traits, through the exchange or
supposed to eat rice. It was
endurehungerduringthisperiod.
ReformsSystem)”.JournalofKoreanModern
modificationofthegenes.
implemented from 1969 to 1977,
andContemporaryHistory.63:275-306.
when food was scarce. Every
GreenRevolution
Three-waycross
Wednesday and Saturday, all
Sun You-jeong. 2008. “The Docking
Ahugeincreaseincropproduction
One of the breeding techniques
restaurants had to mix more than
of Science and Politics: Converting a
in developing countries achieved
which cross a hybrid with a thrid
25 percent of barley or flour in the
Scientist’s Breeding Research into the
bytheuseoffertilizers,pesticides,
form. It is a distinctive tool which
foodmadefromrice.
President’s Tongil rice”. Journal of the
andhigh-yieldcropvarieties.
is able to overcome the hybrid
Korean History of Science Society. 30(2):
417-439.
28
www.theargus.org
Afinancialburdenonfarmersandthegovernment
AtthetimewhenthericeproductionsystemwasstabilizedandTong-ilwasinfullswing,farmerswereironicallylookingfora
chancetoescapefromthestandardizedsystem.Thiswasbecauseitwasmorelikelytogetagreaterprofitfromthecultivationof
othercrops.SinceTong-il’sfirstintroductiontothegrainmarket,Tong-ilwassoldatapriceabout10percentlowerthanJaponica.
Additionally,thepricegapbetweenthemhaswidenedduetoTong-il’sunpalatabletaste,andthepriceofTong-ilplungedtohalf
thatofJaponicain1979.Moreover,themilledricerecoverybasedonroughriceofTong-ilwaslowerthanJaponica.
Tong-il’shigh-maintenancecultivationmethod,whichrequiredsubstantialfertilizersandpesticides,alsoincreasedfarmingcosts
and had an adverse effect on farmer’s income. In addition, rice straws of Tong-il were not suitable for straw craft, which was a
majorsidejobforfarmersatthetime,astheyweretooshortinlengthandeasilycrushedaftergettingwet.Asaresult,despitethe
factthatTong-il’syieldsshowed30percenthigherunitproductioncomparedtoexistingvarieties,thenetincomeoffarmerswas
small,consideringthelowmarketprice,extraexpenses,andthesalessystemdependentonthegovernment.
ThefinancialburdenofthegovernmentwhichincreasedeveryyearwasanotherproblemthatTong-ilposed.Theadministration’s
deficit had continued to be accumulated since 1968, as it has maintained the high purchase price of rice. Therefore, once Korea
escapedthestateofabsolutericeshortage,thegovernmentshiftedthekeynoteofitspolicytopreventingfurtherincreaseinrice
surplusstock.Inaddition,adeclineinprofitabilityofheavyandchemicalindustries,andthe1979oilcrisisputastrainonevery
cornerofeconomy.Thus,thegovernmenthadnochoicebuttoabolishitshighricepricepolicy.
However, it was an act that ignored the patience and cooperation of farmers who had grown Tong-il under the government’s
guidelineevenifitwasagainstmarketprinciple.AftertheassassinationofParkChung-hee,anardentsupportofTong-il,farmers
whowerefreedfromalongpoliticaloppressionwerenotwillingtoplantTong-ilfamilyanymore.PresidentChunDoo-hwan,the
successor of Park Chung-hee, also hinted at the termination of the unilaterally forced farming system, and took measures such
as reducing the purchase volume of Tong-il and taking Tong-il’s name off the incentivized varieties. In the end, Tong-il quickly
disappearedfromricepaddies,andthecenterofthericebreedingresearchmovedtoJaponicaaswell.
The glory brought by Tong-il was absolutely marvelous. Only six years after the cultivation of Tong-il began, Korea was
able to accomplish the Green Revolution and escape from famine. The golden age did not last very long. The limitations
ofTong-ilsooncametolight,disillusioningpeopleoftheirdreams,andtheroleofTong-ilwassoonreplacedbyotherrice
varieties. However, there was unexpected success with Tong-il at Senegal recently. ISRIZ, a rice variety stemmed from
Tong-il,showedmorethantwicetheyieldofthatofthelocalbreed,anditisexpectedtocontributetosolvingagricultural
problemsinAfrica.Tomakethisdreamareality,thepreparationforpotentialriskfactorsandcontinuousfeedbackshould
beaccompanied.Ifso,whoknows?Tong-il,whichlostitsgloryandfellintothetrenches,willregainitshonor.TheArgus
praysthatfaminearoundtheworldwillbeeradicatedinthenearfuture.
nak3096@hufs.ac.kr
Reference
Widecross
Glossary
sterility, the inhibition of the
One of the breeding techniques
reproductive capacity of first or
KimTae-ho.2009.“NewRiceTongilandthe
which cross species from distant
later generation hybrids between
Technological System of Rice Production in
Barleyhump
gene pools. It is a unique tool
geneticallydifferentspecies.
South Korea, 1966-1980”. Quarterly Review
The period between May and
to introduce useful traits in a
ofKoreanHistory.(74):113-145.
June, when the fall harvest runs
variety of agricultural applications,
NoRiceDay
out, but the barley is not yet ripe.
Kim Young-mi. 2012. “The Lifeworld of a
especially beneficial agronomical
A day when people are not
Many Koreans in the past had to
Farmer and the Yushin System(Revitalizing
traits, through the exchange or
supposed to eat rice. It was
endurehungerduringthisperiod.
ReformsSystem)”.JournalofKoreanModern
modificationofthegenes.
implemented from 1969 to 1977,
andContemporaryHistory.63:275-306.
when food was scarce. Every
GreenRevolution
Three-waycross
Wednesday and Saturday, all
Sun You-jeong. 2008. “The Docking
Ahugeincreaseincropproduction
One of the breeding techniques
restaurants had to mix more than
of Science and Politics: Converting a
in developing countries achieved
which cross a hybrid with a thrid
25 percent of barley or flour in the
Scientist’s Breeding Research into the
bytheuseoffertilizers,pesticides,
form. It is a distinctive tool which
foodmadefromrice.
President’s Tongil rice”. Journal of the
andhigh-yieldcropvarieties.
is able to overcome the hybrid
Korean History of Science Society. 30(2):
417-439.
28
www.theargus.org
30페이지 본문끝
메뉴
현재 포커스의 아래내용들은 동일한 컨텐츠를 가지고 페이지넘김 효과및 시각적 효과를 제공하는 페이지이므로 스크린리더 사용자는 여기까지만 낭독하시고 위의 페이지이동 링크를 사용하여 다음페이지로 이동하시기 바랍니다.