총 48페이지

Cover Story
ChunDoo-hwan
RohTae-woo
(11thto12thPresident)
(13thPresident)
1980
1988
1993
1980.09.
1982
1991
1992
Thesevere
Anallusionto
AsteadydeclineinTong-ilriceacreage
Thediscontinuance
cold-weather
theabolitionof
ofthestate’s
Thedevelopmentofhigh-qualityJaponicas
damage
regulatedfarming
purchaseofTong-il
inthemire,andasaresultofthericeblastmainlytargetingtheTong-ilfamily,theoutputgapbetweenordinaryriceandTong-il
plungedfrom130kilogramsper1,000m²in1977to50kilogramsper1,000m²in1978.
ThecrisisofTong-ilricedidnotstophere.In1979,theyieldsofTong-ilplummetedagainduetothetyphoondamageandthe
outbreakofbacterialleafblight.Inotherwords,theyieldperunitareaofTong-ilsharplydecreasedfrom553kilogramsper1,000m²
to 463 kilograms per 10 are just a year after declaring the accomplishment of the Green Revolution. In 1980, severe torrential
rainfall,hail,andunusuallycoldweatheroccurred,justlikemisfortunesnevercomesingly.Tong-il,whichismorevulnerableto
cold weather than Japonica, became an easy victim of continuous disasters. In summary, the hasty spread of Tong-il caused by
greedandarroganceendedintragedy:thecounterattackoftheblightandunexpectednaturaldisasters.
AnunpalatableflavortoKorean’staste
AlthoughTong-ilricehasinheritedIndica’salotofgoodpoints,someshortcomingsofIndicawerealsopasseddowntoit.One
ofthemajordrawbackswasitstaste.Tong-ilhadasimilarflavortoIndica,butitdidnotsuittheKoreantaste.ResearcherSunYou-
jeongsaid,“ThetasteofTong-ilwasdisappointatbestandbafflingatworsttopeopleatthetime.Asittastedcompletelydifferent
fromthecommonlyeatenJaponica,itwasofcourselesspopularamongthepublic.”Infact,whileJaponicahasbeencultivatedall
overthecountry,Tong-ilwasgrownonlyforshortperiodsoftime,especiallyduringthe1970s.
The difference in taste between Indica and Japonica stems from the difference in content ratio of amylose and amylopectin.
Amyloseandamylopectinarethetwomaincomponentsofstarch.Contrarytoamylopectin,whichbecomesstickywhenheated,
amyloseismoreresistanttotemperaturechanges.Therefore,thehigherthecontentratioofamyloseis,thefluffierthericegrains
are.InthecaseofIndica,thecontentratioofamyloseisabout20to30percent,butthatofJaponicaisonly15to20percent.In
otherwords,Tong-ilrice,whichinheritedthetasteofIndica,wasfundamentallyhardtocatertoKoreans.
TheinsipidtasteofTong-ilhadbeenpointedoutsincetheverybeginningofitsnationwidedistribution.Inresponse,theRural
DevelopmentAdministrationreportedtheresultsofTong-il’scultivationthroughtheEconomicTrendBriefingandheldatastetest
andasecretvotingto39businessleadersandgovernmentofficials,includingPresidentParkChung-hee.Eventhoughitwasafood
tastingeventattendedbythepresident,only28percentoftherespondentssaidthetastewas“good,”with67percentsayingitwas
“ordinary,”and5percentsayingitwas“bad.”However,PresidentParkmarked“good,”andsignedhisnameonthequestionnaire,
openlyproclaiminghisfirmwillandsupportforTong-ilrice.
Inaddition,PresidentParkparticipatedinthericetransplantationofTong-ilinperson,andemphasizedthegovernment’strustin
Tong-ilonceagain.However,thetasteofTong-ilwasstillnotenoughtomeettheexpectationsofconsumers,andthedemandfor
ricewhichsuitstotheirtastesincreasedgradually,asthesupplyofricebecamestable.Thus,therewereevenblackmarketerswho
secretly sold Japonica at more than the standard price. On top of this, considering that Tong-il supplied by the government was
cheaperthanJaponica,itcanbesaidthatTong-ilwastotallydisregardedbyconsumers.
27
MAY 2020

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