총 32페이지

Voice of Wisdom
Own-ingourlanguageusedoesnotmeanthatanythinggoes
are marginalized on the basis of their language use, language
or that we should ignore linguistic norms and conventions.
goes from being a tool of communication to being a means
On the contrary, putting more of ourselves in our language
of domination. Linguicism can be overt, as in cases where
userequiresgreatlinguisticknowledgeandcontrol,aswellas
languages or varieties are explicitly banned, or covert, as in
awareness of how the relationship between language, power,
cases where one or more language or variety is privileged
and identity affects the status and success of language use in
at the expense of other languages or varieties. Linguicism
thecommunity.
manifestsitselfinthebeliefthatsomevarietiesoraccentsare
betterthanother,anditisalsoreflectedinthemisuseofhigh-
stakeslanguagetestssuchastheIELTS,TOEFL,andTOEIC.
AsHUFSstudentsandfacultyweneedtothinkcriticallyand
creativelyandleadwithourlanguageuse.Wemustbecareful
so that we do not inadvertently contribute to linguicism and
whatPennycookandhiscolleagueSinfreeMakonidescribeas
a“processofepistemicviolence”thatsilences,oppresses,and
marginalizes:
Unless we actively engage with the history of invention of
languages, with the processes by which these inventions are
maintained, with the political imperative to work towards
theirdisinventionandwiththereformulationofbasicconcepts
in linguistics and applied linguistics, we will continue to
do damage to speech communities and deny those people
educational opportunities. (Makoni and Pennycook, 2007, p.
Anzaldua’s argument is echoed by linguists such as Alastair
21)
Pennycook and Ofelia Garcia, who hold that powerful elites
createlanguageandlanguageuseintheirownimageinorder
By owning our language use-exercising our rights and
to retain ownership of the dominant language and maintain
responsibilities as legitimate members of our speech
the power status quo. Standards and norms for language and
communities - we can undermine language dominance and
language use are based on the dialects of the political centers
linguicism.Proponentsoflanguagerightsandsocialequality,
and the sociolects of the elite, and the work performed by
such as Gloria Anzaldua, argue that we need to upset and
languageuseinthecommunityisascribedtomonolingualuse
challenge the (dis)order caused by unjust language use by
ofthedominantlanguage.
takingback-liberating-languageusethathasbeenconstructed
as“pure”or“good”andmakingitaccessibletoall.Onlywhen
When language use is constructed in comparison to a
we assume shared ownership and shared responsibility of our
dominantnorminamonolingualframework,“other”language
languageusecanwespeakwhoweare:
use is frequently constructed as deficient and dysfunctional
Until I am free to write bilingually and to switch codes
and described as a socioeconomic and sociolinguistic burden
without having always to translate, while I still have to speak
to the individual as well as to the community. This in turn
English or Spanish when I would rather speak Spanglish,
contributes to the privileging of already powerful language
and as long as I have to accommodate the English speakers
use and the continued marginalization of historically
rather than having them accommodate me, my tongue will
underprivilegedlanguageuse.
be illegitimate. I will no longer be made to feel ashamed of
existing. I will have my voice: Indian, Spanish, white. I will
An unequal relationship among the languages and varieties
have my serpent’s tongue - my woman’s voice, my sexual
inacommunityalsoleadstowhatthelinguistToveSkutnabb-
voice,mypoet’svoice.Iwillovercomethetraditionofsilence.
Kangas calls linguicism. If individuals and their identities
(Anzaldua,2012,p.2951)
December2014 27

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