총 48페이지
27페이지 본문시작
Cover Story
Starting in 1971, Tong-il rice was cultivated in 2,750 hectares nationwide. In 1972, however, Tong-il sustained great damage
becauseofunseasonablycooltemperaturesduringtheharvestseason.Thegovernment,whichencouragedfarmerstogrowTong-
il,hadnochoicebuttopayabout150millionwon(US$123,355)incompensationfortheirloss.Nevertheless,theadministration
didnotmodifyitspolicy,andthistenacityachievedsuccessinthefollowingyear.In1973,Tong-ilshowed37percenthigherunit
productioncomparedtoordinaryJaponica,whichhadaverypoorharvest.Inparticular,thesuccessofTong-ilwasmorevaluable,
asglobalgrainpricesatthetimefluctuatedgreatlyduetounusuallycoldtemperaturesin1972.
On the strength of Tong-il rice’s excellent results, the Rural Development Administration began to develop follow-up varieties
which were more adequate for cultivation in Korea. New rice varieties such as “Yu-shin” and “Josaeng Tong-il” were results of
thiseffort.Intheend,thericeproductionsystembasedonTong-ilwasgreatlystabilized,andtotalnationalriceyieldsjumped4.5
percent in 1975, 11.9 percent in 1976, and 15.2 percent in 1977. Moreover, the cultivation areas for Tong-il became much wider.
Becausericeyieldsdonotshowasignificantchangeingeneral,expertsusuallydistinguishbetweenrichandbadyearswithabout
5percentvariationinproduction.Consideringthisfact,youcanseehowunusualthisrapidincreaseinyieldswas.
In 1977, Tong-il rice and its follow-up varieties accounted for 54 percent of all rice paddy fields, exceeding the cultivation
areas of Japonica for the first time. In addition, the national average rice yields reached 494 kilograms per 1,000m², beating
Japan’s previous world record of 447 kilograms per 1,000m². President Park Chung-hee defined the success of Tong-il as “The
accomplishmentoftheGreenRevolution,”andoneofthemostrepresentativerice-savingpolicies,“NoRiceDay,”wasabolished
asKoreabecamericeself-sufficient.Moreover,itwasallowedtomakerice-basedfoodsuchasKoreantaffyandricecakesafter
threeyears’prohibition.Brewingmakgeolli,thericewine,wasalsopermittedaftera14-yearhiatus.
Korea
ⓒMOHW
ⓒMAFRA
ⓒMAFRA
of
Museum
Folk
ⓒNational
▲Fromthe1950stothe1970s,thegovernmentledasocialmovementpromotingtheconsumptionofflourandbarleytocopewiththeshortageofrice.
Amediumforcooperationbetweenruralandurbanareas
TherapideconomicgrowthofKoreainthe1960scanbesummedupas“Thecity’sunilateralexploitationofthecountryside.”
The low-wage policy and the low grain price policy were two key elements in this social situation. The low-wage policy, which
had been consistently implemented since the establishment of the Korean government in 1948, was further strengthened in the
1960s when export-driven economic growth was carried out. At the time, Korea had no technology or production experience to
becompetitiveinthemarket,andchieflyexportednaturalresourcessuchasironores.Therefore,havingpricecompetitivenessby
loweringwageswastheeasiestwayforKoreatosurviveintheglobalsupplychain.
As a result, the government adopted the low-wage policy, while keeping the price of rice artificially low to guarantee the
basic livelihood of workers. The implementation of low grain price policy broke farmers’ production will, making a number of
people move to cities from the countryside. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were able to run their businesses in an easier and
more convenient way thanks to the abundant supply of cheap labor from rural areas. However, transitioning into the 1970's, the
governmentmadeanefforttobolsterdevelopmentbyredistributingexcessfromthecitiestoruralregions.
25
MAY 2020
Starting in 1971, Tong-il rice was cultivated in 2,750 hectares nationwide. In 1972, however, Tong-il sustained great damage
becauseofunseasonablycooltemperaturesduringtheharvestseason.Thegovernment,whichencouragedfarmerstogrowTong-
il,hadnochoicebuttopayabout150millionwon(US$123,355)incompensationfortheirloss.Nevertheless,theadministration
didnotmodifyitspolicy,andthistenacityachievedsuccessinthefollowingyear.In1973,Tong-ilshowed37percenthigherunit
productioncomparedtoordinaryJaponica,whichhadaverypoorharvest.Inparticular,thesuccessofTong-ilwasmorevaluable,
asglobalgrainpricesatthetimefluctuatedgreatlyduetounusuallycoldtemperaturesin1972.
On the strength of Tong-il rice’s excellent results, the Rural Development Administration began to develop follow-up varieties
which were more adequate for cultivation in Korea. New rice varieties such as “Yu-shin” and “Josaeng Tong-il” were results of
thiseffort.Intheend,thericeproductionsystembasedonTong-ilwasgreatlystabilized,andtotalnationalriceyieldsjumped4.5
percent in 1975, 11.9 percent in 1976, and 15.2 percent in 1977. Moreover, the cultivation areas for Tong-il became much wider.
Becausericeyieldsdonotshowasignificantchangeingeneral,expertsusuallydistinguishbetweenrichandbadyearswithabout
5percentvariationinproduction.Consideringthisfact,youcanseehowunusualthisrapidincreaseinyieldswas.
In 1977, Tong-il rice and its follow-up varieties accounted for 54 percent of all rice paddy fields, exceeding the cultivation
areas of Japonica for the first time. In addition, the national average rice yields reached 494 kilograms per 1,000m², beating
Japan’s previous world record of 447 kilograms per 1,000m². President Park Chung-hee defined the success of Tong-il as “The
accomplishmentoftheGreenRevolution,”andoneofthemostrepresentativerice-savingpolicies,“NoRiceDay,”wasabolished
asKoreabecamericeself-sufficient.Moreover,itwasallowedtomakerice-basedfoodsuchasKoreantaffyandricecakesafter
threeyears’prohibition.Brewingmakgeolli,thericewine,wasalsopermittedaftera14-yearhiatus.
Korea
ⓒMOHW
ⓒMAFRA
ⓒMAFRA
of
Museum
Folk
ⓒNational
▲Fromthe1950stothe1970s,thegovernmentledasocialmovementpromotingtheconsumptionofflourandbarleytocopewiththeshortageofrice.
Amediumforcooperationbetweenruralandurbanareas
TherapideconomicgrowthofKoreainthe1960scanbesummedupas“Thecity’sunilateralexploitationofthecountryside.”
The low-wage policy and the low grain price policy were two key elements in this social situation. The low-wage policy, which
had been consistently implemented since the establishment of the Korean government in 1948, was further strengthened in the
1960s when export-driven economic growth was carried out. At the time, Korea had no technology or production experience to
becompetitiveinthemarket,andchieflyexportednaturalresourcessuchasironores.Therefore,havingpricecompetitivenessby
loweringwageswastheeasiestwayforKoreatosurviveintheglobalsupplychain.
As a result, the government adopted the low-wage policy, while keeping the price of rice artificially low to guarantee the
basic livelihood of workers. The implementation of low grain price policy broke farmers’ production will, making a number of
people move to cities from the countryside. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were able to run their businesses in an easier and
more convenient way thanks to the abundant supply of cheap labor from rural areas. However, transitioning into the 1970's, the
governmentmadeanefforttobolsterdevelopmentbyredistributingexcessfromthecitiestoruralregions.
25
MAY 2020
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