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Cover Story
Tong-ilrice:
BettertoReign
inHellthan
ServeinHeaven
ByNaGeum-chae
EditorialConsultant
ithout any doubt, rice is a staple food for Korean people. However, per capita annual rice consumption has steadily
declined, after peaking at 136.4 kilograms in 1970. According to “Annual Trends of Food Grain Consumption in
2019”releasedbyStatisticsKorea,percapitaannualriceconsumptionin2019amountedto59.2kilograms,whichis
thelowestfiguresincerecordkeepingbeganin1964.Dailyaveragericeconsumptionpercapitaalsodroppedby3.1percentfrom
2018,marking162.1grams.Consideringthatabowlofriceisabout100grams,Koreansonlyeatone-and-a-halfbowlsofriceper
dayonaverage.Itonlyamountstohalfofthatofthe200gramsinstantricepackagesoldinretailstores.
However, just 50 years ago, hunger and chronic food shortage were deeply entrenched in our society. The total amount of rice
productionwastoosmalltofeedthestarvingmultitudes,andtheproblemgotevenworseduringthe“barleyhump.”Togetaround
ascarcityoffood,scientistHeuMun-huedeveloped“Tong-ilrice,”ahigh-yieldingrice.Itgreatlycontributedtotheself-sufficiency
of staple food production in Korea and became the prime mover during a period known as the “Korean Green Revolution.”
BehindtheglitzofTong-ilrice,however,wereseriousproblemsthatpeoplehaddisregarded.Markingthethirdhorsemanofthe
apocalypse,famineontheblackhorse,TheArgusilluminatesthedualityofTong-ilrice.
Twomajortypesofrice:IndicaandJaponica
Rice is mainly classified as Indica and Japonica, depending on the main production
areas and shape of the rice grain. Indica is the major type of rice grown in the tropics and
subtropics represented by Southeast Asia. Indica plants are tall with broad to narrow, light
green leaves. The grains are long to short, slender, and somewhat flat. On the other hand,
Japonica is a group of rice varieties grown extensively in the cooler zones of the subtropics
andinthetemperatezonessuchasChina,KoreaandJapan.Itisarelativelyshortplantwith
narrow, dark green leaves and medium-height tillers. In addition, its grains are short and
Indicarice
Japonicarice
round.Internationally,Indicaaccountsformorethan90percentofthetotalriceproduction.
23
MAY 2020
Tong-ilrice:
BettertoReign
inHellthan
ServeinHeaven
ByNaGeum-chae
EditorialConsultant
ithout any doubt, rice is a staple food for Korean people. However, per capita annual rice consumption has steadily
declined, after peaking at 136.4 kilograms in 1970. According to “Annual Trends of Food Grain Consumption in
2019”releasedbyStatisticsKorea,percapitaannualriceconsumptionin2019amountedto59.2kilograms,whichis
thelowestfiguresincerecordkeepingbeganin1964.Dailyaveragericeconsumptionpercapitaalsodroppedby3.1percentfrom
2018,marking162.1grams.Consideringthatabowlofriceisabout100grams,Koreansonlyeatone-and-a-halfbowlsofriceper
dayonaverage.Itonlyamountstohalfofthatofthe200gramsinstantricepackagesoldinretailstores.
However, just 50 years ago, hunger and chronic food shortage were deeply entrenched in our society. The total amount of rice
productionwastoosmalltofeedthestarvingmultitudes,andtheproblemgotevenworseduringthe“barleyhump.”Togetaround
ascarcityoffood,scientistHeuMun-huedeveloped“Tong-ilrice,”ahigh-yieldingrice.Itgreatlycontributedtotheself-sufficiency
of staple food production in Korea and became the prime mover during a period known as the “Korean Green Revolution.”
BehindtheglitzofTong-ilrice,however,wereseriousproblemsthatpeoplehaddisregarded.Markingthethirdhorsemanofthe
apocalypse,famineontheblackhorse,TheArgusilluminatesthedualityofTong-ilrice.
Twomajortypesofrice:IndicaandJaponica
Rice is mainly classified as Indica and Japonica, depending on the main production
areas and shape of the rice grain. Indica is the major type of rice grown in the tropics and
subtropics represented by Southeast Asia. Indica plants are tall with broad to narrow, light
green leaves. The grains are long to short, slender, and somewhat flat. On the other hand,
Japonica is a group of rice varieties grown extensively in the cooler zones of the subtropics
andinthetemperatezonessuchasChina,KoreaandJapan.Itisarelativelyshortplantwith
narrow, dark green leaves and medium-height tillers. In addition, its grains are short and
Indicarice
Japonicarice
round.Internationally,Indicaaccountsformorethan90percentofthetotalriceproduction.
23
MAY 2020
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