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Caduceus
parts of the brain, Professor Kim said, “Fair conditions are
PeopleConsistentlySpeakingOut
sufficient for intuitive value judgment, but unfair situations
require analytical judgment to resolve value conflicts. The
BrainRespondingtoAltruismandFairness
What about those
activity of the insular lobe when receiving unfair proposals
Medicine
who constantly
means that analytical thinking is activated to escape from
speak out, such
Hopkins
this state. In contrast, the response of the ventral striatum
as the bereaved
whenreceivingafairofferisthatthebrainhassensedthat“it
ⓒJohns
families? American
is okay to settle down because this condition is satisfactory
neuroscientist James
enough.” In the face of an unfair situation, it is intended to
K. Rilling’s team
resolvetheimbalanceoftheinnerbodybyjudgingfromwhy
discoveredthatinthe
this situation occurred to how it could be solved.” The 4.16
▲The ventral striatum reacts when people
prisoner’s dilemma*
Regiment speaking out with the bereaved families is still
determinetohelpothers.
situation, the brain
callingforathoroughinvestigation,sayingthatthetruthofthe
of those who decided to cooperate with others showed the
incident should be fully revealed, as those responsible for the
ventralstriatum*beingactivatedandsendingarewardsignal.
abuseofpublicpowerremainunpunished.
If the decision was inevitable, the outer prefrontal lobe* of
thebrainregionrelatedtotheabilitytosuppressdesirewould
*Prisoner’sdilemma: This is a game theory purporting that cooperation is the best
option in that it is the most beneficial situation if two suspects cooperate with
have been activated, but no such reaction was observed.
each other, but if they betray each other, one is in a dilemma that puts them in a
disadvantageoussituation.
Kim Hack-jin, a psychology professor at Korea University,
*Ventralstriatum:Ventralstriatumisasubcorticalregionofthebrainthatisinvolved
said, “Designed to try to achieve maximum efficiency with
intheprocessingoftherewardpleasuresignal.
*Prefrontal lobe: The prefrontal lobe is a brain area that controls emotions by
minimal effort, our brains naturally seek the most efficient
reinterpretingnegativeemotionsandsuppressingunwantedmemories.
rewards to maximize their viability, and social rewards, such
FrustrationEffect
as praise and appreciation, which meet these conditions well.
The phenomenon in which frustration acts as a powerful
Recent brain science studies show that social rewards after
motiveforanotherbehavioriscalledthe“FrustrationEffect.”
helping others can strengthen the behavior and that if these
The experience of frustration affects behavior, reinforcing
experiencesarerepeatedlylearnedoveralongperiodoftime,
either positively or negatively. Even if people experience
their motivation can be internalized and trigger altruistic
the same situation, some experience failure and give up,
behaviorevenunconsciously.”
while others’ frustration becomes a strong motivation and
Fairness and transparency problems were what made people
an opportunity to seek active alternative behavior. Kim
feelangerduringtheinvestigationoftheSewolferrydisaster.
Sun-hee, a psychological counselor, stressed the positive
At that time, the media expanded and produced articles that
reinforcement of the frustration effect in 2021 in the Seoul
lacked perspective and sided against the bereaved families,
City magazine. “Those who do not give up their goals easily
and the government still has not clarified the details of the
and challenge themselves rise again even if they experience
incidentoraccountedforthevacancyoftheheadofstate,who
severe frustration. Humans make constant efforts to realize
was responsible for the disaster. When the human brain is
satisfactionwhentheirneedsarenotsatisfied.”Sheadded,“The
placedinsuchanunfairsituation,theareaoftheinsularlobe
motivationtodoanythingstemsfromthesedeficiencieswhen
is activated. The insular lobe is an area that responds to pain
needs are not satisfied. No deficiency, no motive. Deficiency
orunpleasantstimuli.Thismeansthathumansexperiencethe
canbesaidtobeasourceofmotivation.”
pang of unfairness which is similar to the pain of something
Including the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster,
unpleasant.Ontheotherhand,whenreceivingafairproposal,
Korea experienced many setbacks after the incident. At the
theventralstriatumisactivatedandfeelsrewarded.Professor
beginning of the incident, it was believed that all passengers
KimsaidinaninterviewwithMonthlyJoongAng,“Unfairness
were rescued due to the media’s false reports, but when it
can be seen as a signal that an imbalance has occurred in
turnedouttobewrong,peoplefeltguiltythattheyfeltrelieved
body homeostasis and fairness as a signal that the imbalance
anddidnothingtohelp.Intheprocessoffindingoutthetruth,
has been restored.” Regarding the activation of different
as the incident turned into a political controversy, criticism
22
www.theargus.org
parts of the brain, Professor Kim said, “Fair conditions are
PeopleConsistentlySpeakingOut
sufficient for intuitive value judgment, but unfair situations
require analytical judgment to resolve value conflicts. The
BrainRespondingtoAltruismandFairness
What about those
activity of the insular lobe when receiving unfair proposals
Medicine
who constantly
means that analytical thinking is activated to escape from
speak out, such
Hopkins
this state. In contrast, the response of the ventral striatum
as the bereaved
whenreceivingafairofferisthatthebrainhassensedthat“it
ⓒJohns
families? American
is okay to settle down because this condition is satisfactory
neuroscientist James
enough.” In the face of an unfair situation, it is intended to
K. Rilling’s team
resolvetheimbalanceoftheinnerbodybyjudgingfromwhy
discoveredthatinthe
this situation occurred to how it could be solved.” The 4.16
▲The ventral striatum reacts when people
prisoner’s dilemma*
Regiment speaking out with the bereaved families is still
determinetohelpothers.
situation, the brain
callingforathoroughinvestigation,sayingthatthetruthofthe
of those who decided to cooperate with others showed the
incident should be fully revealed, as those responsible for the
ventralstriatum*beingactivatedandsendingarewardsignal.
abuseofpublicpowerremainunpunished.
If the decision was inevitable, the outer prefrontal lobe* of
thebrainregionrelatedtotheabilitytosuppressdesirewould
*Prisoner’sdilemma: This is a game theory purporting that cooperation is the best
option in that it is the most beneficial situation if two suspects cooperate with
have been activated, but no such reaction was observed.
each other, but if they betray each other, one is in a dilemma that puts them in a
disadvantageoussituation.
Kim Hack-jin, a psychology professor at Korea University,
*Ventralstriatum:Ventralstriatumisasubcorticalregionofthebrainthatisinvolved
said, “Designed to try to achieve maximum efficiency with
intheprocessingoftherewardpleasuresignal.
*Prefrontal lobe: The prefrontal lobe is a brain area that controls emotions by
minimal effort, our brains naturally seek the most efficient
reinterpretingnegativeemotionsandsuppressingunwantedmemories.
rewards to maximize their viability, and social rewards, such
FrustrationEffect
as praise and appreciation, which meet these conditions well.
The phenomenon in which frustration acts as a powerful
Recent brain science studies show that social rewards after
motiveforanotherbehavioriscalledthe“FrustrationEffect.”
helping others can strengthen the behavior and that if these
The experience of frustration affects behavior, reinforcing
experiencesarerepeatedlylearnedoveralongperiodoftime,
either positively or negatively. Even if people experience
their motivation can be internalized and trigger altruistic
the same situation, some experience failure and give up,
behaviorevenunconsciously.”
while others’ frustration becomes a strong motivation and
Fairness and transparency problems were what made people
an opportunity to seek active alternative behavior. Kim
feelangerduringtheinvestigationoftheSewolferrydisaster.
Sun-hee, a psychological counselor, stressed the positive
At that time, the media expanded and produced articles that
reinforcement of the frustration effect in 2021 in the Seoul
lacked perspective and sided against the bereaved families,
City magazine. “Those who do not give up their goals easily
and the government still has not clarified the details of the
and challenge themselves rise again even if they experience
incidentoraccountedforthevacancyoftheheadofstate,who
severe frustration. Humans make constant efforts to realize
was responsible for the disaster. When the human brain is
satisfactionwhentheirneedsarenotsatisfied.”Sheadded,“The
placedinsuchanunfairsituation,theareaoftheinsularlobe
motivationtodoanythingstemsfromthesedeficiencieswhen
is activated. The insular lobe is an area that responds to pain
needs are not satisfied. No deficiency, no motive. Deficiency
orunpleasantstimuli.Thismeansthathumansexperiencethe
canbesaidtobeasourceofmotivation.”
pang of unfairness which is similar to the pain of something
Including the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster,
unpleasant.Ontheotherhand,whenreceivingafairproposal,
Korea experienced many setbacks after the incident. At the
theventralstriatumisactivatedandfeelsrewarded.Professor
beginning of the incident, it was believed that all passengers
KimsaidinaninterviewwithMonthlyJoongAng,“Unfairness
were rescued due to the media’s false reports, but when it
can be seen as a signal that an imbalance has occurred in
turnedouttobewrong,peoplefeltguiltythattheyfeltrelieved
body homeostasis and fairness as a signal that the imbalance
anddidnothingtohelp.Intheprocessoffindingoutthetruth,
has been restored.” Regarding the activation of different
as the incident turned into a political controversy, criticism
22
www.theargus.org
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