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crisis, in which many companies went bankrupt. At the
Cause
time of the so-called “IMF crisis,” the seed companies
that were taken over and merged by multinational
companies were Cheongwon, Heungnong, Seoul,
and Jungang seed companies, which were Korea's
InsufficientGrowthoftheSeedMarket
representative native seed companies at that time.
One of the reasons why Korea has moved away from
StartingwiththeundertakingofCheongwonbyJapanese
seedsovereigntyisthatseedcompaniesandmarketshave
seed company Sakata in March 1997, Swiss chemical
notgrownproperly.Itcanbesaidthatthesupportofthe
company Novartis took over Seoul seed company in
governmentsuchasfundingforresearchfornativeseeds
1997,andUnitedStatesseedcompanySeminisacquired
was insufficient. Until the Lee Myung-bak government
Heungnong in 1998 and Jungyang afterwards. However,
promotedthe“2020SeedIndustryPromotionMeasures”
at the time, these acquisitions did not attract attention
in 2009, the government's role in the seed industry were
becauselargecompaniessuchasDaewoo,oneofthefour
more regulations than support. The reason why the
largest companies in Korea, and Hanbo Group, which
domestic seed was limited to develop in the vegetable
rose to 14th place in the financial world by construction
seedmarketwasthatthegovernmentexclusivelysoldand
andmanufacturing,collapsedoneafteranother.
managedfoodseedssuchasriceseeds.
Park Ki-hwan, a researcher at the Korea Rural
As the seed industry did not develop properly, the
Economic Institute, said, “Korea's seed companies
quality of domestic seed deteriorated and foreign seeds
continued to grow as top companies in Asia in the past,
were preferred. In the case of native seeds, many are
butaftertheIMFmanagementsystem,theyfacedacrisis
sold with inaccurate documentation. According to
because of M&A (Merger and Acquisition) with global
an interview with the Landscape Times by Jang Jae-
seed companies. At that time, the government, industry,
hak, the manager of a native seed school, numerous
and consumers did not regard seeds as important, and
kinds of indigenous or native seeds are being sold
when problems occurred, they perceived that importing
indiscriminately through seedbeds, seed companies, or
seeds or grains would solve them; and the concept of
the Internet. In addition, the preference for seeds from
seed sovereignty was weak back then.” As multinational
overseas has become stronger as the high-end image of
companies took the lead in the seed market, domestic
foreign varieties introduced due to the low quality of
companies' positions became narrow. As the seed
domesticvarietiesinthepastisimprintedonconsumers.
industry requires long-term investment in securing
In order to expand the current market, where domestic
useful genetic resources and breeding R&D (Research
varieties can become better than foreign varieties, an
and Development), large multinational corporations
implementation strategy is needed to improve the image
with capital and research capabilities are intensifying
of domestic varieties; but the Korean government is still
monopolization, and Korea's seed sovereignty is still
slow to respond to domestic seed problems. There are
threatened25yearsafterthefinancialcrisis.
alsosuccessfulcasesofimprovingstrawberryseedssuch
assnowandplumscent,butthelocalizationrateofseeds
TheDisappearanceofNativeSeedsDuetothe
ofmajorcropsisstilllow.Itistimetoreducedependence
RapidDevelopmentofAgriculture
onforeignseedsthroughdomesticseeddevelopment.
Seedsthathaveacquireduniquecharacteristicsthrough
adaptation and naturalization through natural crossing*
WeakeningofSeedCompaniesDuetotheIMF
in the climate of a specific region are called native
CurrencyCrisis
species. Native seeds are seeds that have already been
The seed industry has been in a slump since the shock
verifiedatthelocallevel.Nativeseedsfitwellwithlocal
ofthe1997IMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)currency
soil and can be easily grown by anyone. In addition,
22
www.theargus.org
crisis, in which many companies went bankrupt. At the
Cause
time of the so-called “IMF crisis,” the seed companies
that were taken over and merged by multinational
companies were Cheongwon, Heungnong, Seoul,
and Jungang seed companies, which were Korea's
InsufficientGrowthoftheSeedMarket
representative native seed companies at that time.
One of the reasons why Korea has moved away from
StartingwiththeundertakingofCheongwonbyJapanese
seedsovereigntyisthatseedcompaniesandmarketshave
seed company Sakata in March 1997, Swiss chemical
notgrownproperly.Itcanbesaidthatthesupportofthe
company Novartis took over Seoul seed company in
governmentsuchasfundingforresearchfornativeseeds
1997,andUnitedStatesseedcompanySeminisacquired
was insufficient. Until the Lee Myung-bak government
Heungnong in 1998 and Jungyang afterwards. However,
promotedthe“2020SeedIndustryPromotionMeasures”
at the time, these acquisitions did not attract attention
in 2009, the government's role in the seed industry were
becauselargecompaniessuchasDaewoo,oneofthefour
more regulations than support. The reason why the
largest companies in Korea, and Hanbo Group, which
domestic seed was limited to develop in the vegetable
rose to 14th place in the financial world by construction
seedmarketwasthatthegovernmentexclusivelysoldand
andmanufacturing,collapsedoneafteranother.
managedfoodseedssuchasriceseeds.
Park Ki-hwan, a researcher at the Korea Rural
As the seed industry did not develop properly, the
Economic Institute, said, “Korea's seed companies
quality of domestic seed deteriorated and foreign seeds
continued to grow as top companies in Asia in the past,
were preferred. In the case of native seeds, many are
butaftertheIMFmanagementsystem,theyfacedacrisis
sold with inaccurate documentation. According to
because of M&A (Merger and Acquisition) with global
an interview with the Landscape Times by Jang Jae-
seed companies. At that time, the government, industry,
hak, the manager of a native seed school, numerous
and consumers did not regard seeds as important, and
kinds of indigenous or native seeds are being sold
when problems occurred, they perceived that importing
indiscriminately through seedbeds, seed companies, or
seeds or grains would solve them; and the concept of
the Internet. In addition, the preference for seeds from
seed sovereignty was weak back then.” As multinational
overseas has become stronger as the high-end image of
companies took the lead in the seed market, domestic
foreign varieties introduced due to the low quality of
companies' positions became narrow. As the seed
domesticvarietiesinthepastisimprintedonconsumers.
industry requires long-term investment in securing
In order to expand the current market, where domestic
useful genetic resources and breeding R&D (Research
varieties can become better than foreign varieties, an
and Development), large multinational corporations
implementation strategy is needed to improve the image
with capital and research capabilities are intensifying
of domestic varieties; but the Korean government is still
monopolization, and Korea's seed sovereignty is still
slow to respond to domestic seed problems. There are
threatened25yearsafterthefinancialcrisis.
alsosuccessfulcasesofimprovingstrawberryseedssuch
assnowandplumscent,butthelocalizationrateofseeds
TheDisappearanceofNativeSeedsDuetothe
ofmajorcropsisstilllow.Itistimetoreducedependence
RapidDevelopmentofAgriculture
onforeignseedsthroughdomesticseeddevelopment.
Seedsthathaveacquireduniquecharacteristicsthrough
adaptation and naturalization through natural crossing*
WeakeningofSeedCompaniesDuetotheIMF
in the climate of a specific region are called native
CurrencyCrisis
species. Native seeds are seeds that have already been
The seed industry has been in a slump since the shock
verifiedatthelocallevel.Nativeseedsfitwellwithlocal
ofthe1997IMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)currency
soil and can be easily grown by anyone. In addition,
22
www.theargus.org
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