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In-depth on Culture
hireadriver,sotheyhadnochoicebuttodrivethecarby
themselvestosavemoney.
Independent PD: a producer who works as a
Park Jung-nam, an independent PD, agreed that
freelancerorbelongstoanoutsourcingproduction
independent PDs are always short of production funds.
company.
Theyhavetohandleeverymiscellaneoustaskthemselves
Outsourcing production company: a company
all the time. He said, “In some cases, a PD may hold a
which receives orders for making programs for
steeringwheelwithonehandwhiletheotherhandshoots
terrestrial TV channels, cable channels, and
a driving scene with a camera. This behavior risks lives,
government enterprises, and delivers those
butthesecircumstancesareinevitable.”
programs to them. It is also referred to as an
independentproductioncompany.
Outsourcing: a system adopted to overcome
IndependentPDswithoutbasicrights
Independent PDs are excluded from social protections:
the harmful effects of exclusive production
socialinsuranceandlaborer’sthreeprimaryrights.
by broadcasting companies and improve the
First, they are not guaranteed four major insurances:
competitive power of the domestic broadcasting
national pension, health insurance, unemployment
industry by bringing life to diverse production
insurance,industrialaccidentcompensation.
subjects.
According to a survey on workers’ human rights
done in 2015 by KIPDA national pension coverage for
independent PDs was only 43.7 percent. Things are
notablymoreseriousintermsofunemploymentinsurance
WhatproblemsareindependentPDs
and industrial accident compensation, which can only be
facing?
obtained through workplaces. Admission rates for them
are12percentand13.1percentrespectively.
Badworkingconditionsduetolackofbudgets
Broadcasting companies expect outsourcing companies
What is worse is that independent PDs cannot form
to make quality programs without providing them with
a trade union due to the lack of their three primary
sufficient budgets. As a result, independent PDs have to
labor rights: the right to organize, the right to bargain
workhardertomakeupforthesituation.
collectively and the right to take collective action.
The late two PDs, Park Hwan-sung and Kim Kwang-il,
Among these, the right to bargain collectively allows the
whodiedinacarcrash,hadbeenfilmingadocumentary
producers to form a labor union to negotiate working
called “Docu Prime-King in a Cage” for the Educational
conditions with their employers. Without the protection
Broadcasting System (EBS). They were supposed to film
of a “union,” independent PDs do not have the power to
underthebudgetof70millionwon(aboutUS$60,000)per
systematicallyprotestevenwhentheyareverballyabused
episode.However,thisisfarfromaveragecostrequiredto
orassaulted.
shootalong-termoverseasdocumentary.
According to standard production costs set by British
public broadcaster BBC, the budget for a one hour
long documentary is set at a minimum of 75 million
ⓒKIPDA
won (US$65,000) to a maximum of 750 million won
(US$654,000).
Considering the price difference between the two
countries,themoneyEBSplannedtogivetothePDswas
belowtheminimum,leavingtheproducersontheirown?
toputtogetheradecentfilmunderinsufficientcosts.
According to The Korean Independent Producers &
Directors’ Association (KIPDA), when PDs go abroad to
shoot, they usually form a team with an assistant PD, a
writer,alocalcoordinatorandadriver.However,thelate
Park and Kim did not have enough production money to
▲PortraitsofthelatePark(L)andKimstandamongthechrysanthemums.
www.theargus.org
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