총 36페이지

22
Classics
By JangHo-jun
Reporterof Theory&CritiqueSection
L
astyear,theintroductionofinternationalmiddleschoolswasthehotpotato
in Korean education. There were controversies among experts, whether
these schools will be the cradle of students who will have international
senseofviews,ortheywilljustbecomeschoolsforhelpingstudentsmatriculateto
reputable universities. Currently, the government seems to patronize the schools
activelyinspiteoftheopinionsoftheopposition.Also,theargumentsregardingthe
admissionsofKoreaUniversityin2009weremoreseverethanever.Theuniversity
stillremainssilentaboutitsrelationsbetweenitssuspiciousadmissionspolicyand
thehighrateofthestudentsfromforeignlanguagehighschoolsamongthosewho
passedtheentranceexam.Thetwoincidentsdonotseemtoberelevanteachother,
buttheydoshowthepurposeofeducationinKorea.
The events happened under the system that promotes the idea that university
entranceistheultimategoalofsecondaryeducation.MostpeopleinKoreaagree
thatastudentneedsauniversityeducationtogetagoodjobandthattheonlyway
to do this is to graduate from university. Is this the way of ideal education the
societyreallyneeds?
Thetheoriesabouteducationhavechangedinmanywaysthroughthecenturies.
However, the views and methods have focused on an education that sets worldly
goals for the students. These circumstances are being repeated in the current
Korean education. Fixing the purpose of the education and teaching children to
followithavebeenatthecoreofmanyproblems.
Questionsabout“ReturntoNature”
Inthehistoryofeducationinwesterncountries,theeducationforthecitizensina
TheMost
modern society became the pivotal point of teaching after the Renaissance. The
representative view of educations in the modern community was from the
Enlightenment,prevalentin18thcentury.Jean-JacquesRousseau,oneofthemain
Desirable
philosophersofthattime,wroteaworkcalled“Emile.”Wheneverpeoplehearthe
name Rousseau, regardless of the experience of skimming his works, they
rememberonefamousstatement,“Returntonature.”
Goalof
Certainly,peoplecanhavedoubtsaboutthissayingasfollows:Doesreturningto
nature mean giving up the benefits of civilization and escaping from personal
interference?Isitrightlettingchildrenaloneastheyare,withoutpointingoutany
Education
aspectofdecentbehavior?Someparentswhothinkthattheirchildrencanlearna
lot of things through school education continuously may disagree on assertions,
suchastakingtheirchildrentoforestsremotefromcities.
TheEmergenceofNaturalTraitsinCivilizedCity
Howshouldthephrase“Returntonature,”beunderstood?Theproperwayisto
reform the corrupt education system in these days. The first chapter of “Emile”
startswiththesentence“Godmakesallthingsgood;manmeddleswiththemand
they become evil.” It is an intense criticism against human civilization and an
expressionofsupportinganethicaldoctrineofinnategoodness.However,itdoes
notmeanthebenefitsofcivilizationshouldbecompletelyexcluded.Thestatement
inthefourthchapter,“Butremember,inthefirstplace,thatwhenIwanttotraina
natural man, I do not want to make him a savage and to send him back to the
woods;rather,thatwhileinthewhirlofsociallifeitisenoughthatheshouldnotlet
himselfbecarriedawaybythepassionsandopinionsofmen,”isanexactexample
that shows that Rousseau was not completely hostile to civilization. The book
describes the five steps of teaching an imaginary student called Emile. Did
Rousseauinstructnothingtoraisehimasanaturalman?KimYong-min,aPolitical
ScienceprofessoratHUFS,explainsthetraitofRousseau’seducationalphilosophy
inanessayfor“SocialCriticism,”amagazine,“Thepassiveeducationisnotlike
www.theargus.org

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