총 36페이지

22
Books
Differencedoesnot
but
ByKangSe-hoon
suggestsanswerstothesequestions.Jared
Reporterof TheArgus
Diamond, the author of “Guns, Germs,
and Steel,” thought several factors, guns,
oradvancedarms,germs,andsteel,which
form almost all kinds of vehicles and
L
essthan200Spanishencountered
machinescauseinequalitybetweenwhites
80,000 Inca soldiers on
and Indigenous peoples or any other
November 16, 1532 at the
groups.
Peruvian highland town of Cajamarca.
A question about unbalanced
The outnumbered Inca soldiers were in
their populated homeland, which gave
development
them some advantages. In contrast, 168
As Jared Diamond was studying about
Spanish soldiers, in fact they were in
birdasabiologistinNewGuinea,hewas
ragtag group, were in unfamiliar terrain,
stimulated by a question that had been
ignoring the local inhabitants, and
posed by Yali, a native New Guinean.
completely out of touch with the nearest
Duringconversation,Yaliaskedhimwhy
Spaniards.Inspiteofthosedisadvantages,
blacks couldn’t develop themselves
Spanish soldiers won the battle and Inca
compared with whites. Diamond realized
Themainreasonofinequality
EmperorAtahuallpasurrendered.
thatnativeshavebiasedopinionaswellas
The author thought agricultural
whites do. The opinion is that genetic
development was a cause which led to
Encounterbetweentwo
difference
produces
unbalanced
increased production amounts of crops
civilizations
development of civilizations. That’s why
and domesticated animals. His researches
By weaving together excerpts from
he tried to discover what makes human
show Europe and Asia cultivated a
eyewitnessaccountsbysixcompanionsof
races different. While they had
number of good crops and raised useful
Francisco Pizarro, the commander of
conversations about whites and natives,
livestock.Butothercontinentsshadfewer
Spanish soldiers, less than 200 Spanish
Yali quizzed him “Howcome you white
of these types of plants and animals.
defeatedthousandsofIndiansinahead-on
people developed so much cargo and
Developmentofagriculturealsoincreased
attack. They could beat the Indians easily
brought it to New Guinea, but we black
population and created various kinds of
when natives were confused by noises
peoplehadlittlecargoofourown?”
jobs. Livestock offered advantages on
made from guns and horses. Atahuallpa
The question itself seems simple
warfare against other competing
answered 7,000 were killed when asked
enoughbutitisahardquestiontoanswer.
civilizations. Despite many germs having
howmanysoldiersdiedinthebattleafter
Jared Diamond doesn’t agree with the
originated from livestock threatening
being captured by the Spanish. At last
opinion that genetic differences between
people, they made livestock immune to
AtahuallpawasexecutedbySpanish.
peoples make them different. The book
lotsofdiseases.
After the battle, white people began
searches the reasons why inequality was
ThenationsofEurasiancontinentgota
governing, colonizing, and slaying the
born between civilizations through
lotofchancestointerchangeoneanother.
Indians.HowcouldPizarrogainavictory
geographical and historical differences. It
That’s why it was more developed than
withoutlosingevenonefallensoldier?But
suggests reasons why Europe and Asia
anyothercontinents.ActuallyEuropeand
whycouldn’ttheIndianslay,colonizeand
could develop more compared with other
Asia got many relationships from 2,000
governwhites?“Guns,Germs,andSteel”
continentsfromB.C11000.
years ago. In America, there were few
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