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Prometheus
Also, as there is no strong gravity like the Sun on Earth, another environment is needed. Ko Jin-seok, Principal
Research Scientist at the Korea Institute of Fusion Energy replied, “The plasma-state hydrogen nuclei that make up
the Sun are not dispersed by gravity and are well clustered, while the plasma implemented on Earth is constrained
by a strong magnetic field instead of gravity.” This is because nuclei can be trapped through magnetic fields, as they
are charged particles. Currently, fusion reactors are using various methods to create ultra-high temperatures of 100
million degrees. This can be achieved by using methods such as resistance heating, the principle of induction used in
the kitchen, electromagnetic waves, which are the principle of microwave heating food, and neutral particle beam that
directlyemitshighenergytoplasma.
ConditionforSuccessfulAchievement:NuclearFusionReactor
After reaching an ultra-high temperature plasma
Ilbo
state and preparing an environment that allows
Chosun
it to stick together, power can be obtained only
ⓒThe
by maintaining this environment for a long time.
To this end, a nuclear fusion device called an
artificial Sun is used to make a net with a strong
magnetic field, trap plasma, and float it in the air
without bumping into the wall. Several types of
fusion experimental devices have been devised,
of which the “Tokamak” design is mainly used.
Tokamak, first proposed by the Soviet Union in
1951, is a donut-like device surrounded by huge
electromagnets, named after the Russian initials
▲Adonut-shapedTokamakisappliedtofusionreactor.
meaning “donut-shaped container using electromagnet coil.” When deuterium and tritium, which are fusion fuels, are
putintothisvacuumdeviceandthetemperatureisincreased,plasmawithelectricalpropertiesdoesnothitthewallof
thecontainerdirectlyandrotatesinsidethedevicethankstothemagneticfieldbytheelectromagnet.Afterthat,when
theplasmatemperaturereaches100milliondegrees,afusionreactionoccurs.
Currently, ITER uses a superconductor* whose electrical resistance becomes zero at a specific temperature. The
smallertheelectricalresistance,themoreadvantageousitisforthefusiondevicetobeabletorunfor24hours.Yoon
Ei-sung, Professor of Nuclear Engineering at UNIST, explains, “We use superconductors with zero resistance because
additionalforceisneededtocreateamagneticfieldinastateofresistance.”Amagneticfieldisneededtotrapplasma,
andacurrentmustflowtocreateamagneticfield.Butwithresistance,theenergyneededtocreateamagneticfieldis
usedtolowertheresistance.Thisreducestheefficiencyofthedevicethatattemptstogeneratealargeamountofenergy
by putting in a small amount of energy. Therefore, when using a superconductor, it is possible to build a large-scale
devicethatsuppliesmorecurrentandcreatesastrongermagneticfield,butdoesnotneedtousealargeamountofpower
duetolowpowerconsumption.
*Superconductor:Afullyantimagneticmaterialwithzeroresistanceundercertainconditionsandcompletelyoffsetsthesurroundingmagneticfield.
21
OCTOBER 2022

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