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Cover Story
Maxwell’sdemon
ⓒWikipedia/Htkym
▲Accordingtothethoughtexperiment,ademonsortsoutthemoleculesbytheirspeed
In the early part of the movie, in which a doctor explains the inversion to the protagonist, someone would see
the interesting writing on the whiteboard. The two professors commonly pointed out Maxwell’s demon about the
possibility of inversion. This is a thought experiment that James Maxwell, the father of modern electromagnetics,
imaginedasaconditionforentropytodecrease.
Maxwell once fancied the demon who can defy the second law of thermodynamics. If the demon sorts out
molecules in a barrel in both directions according to the velocities of the molecules, then entropy will decrease.
Moreover, molecular kinetic energy is directly related to temperature, so that there will be a thermal difference in
bothsidesofthebarrel.Mostimportantconditionisthatthethoughtexperimentdoesnotviolatetheisolatedsystem.
Thedemondoesnotuseenergytosort,butcontinuestoorientthedirection.
Unfortunately, it was actually proven that such a demon cannot exist. Thermal and quantum fluctuations
immediately disturb the demon’s work. The second law always wins. Another problem is whether time travel is
possible when the inversion is realized. So, Nolan painted with imagination on a theoretical background in the
TENET;butitwillnotbeeasytoproveitempirically.
Christopher Nolan began with the single premise that negating the second law of thermodynamics, to
unfoldfilminvariousdirections;andheneatlybroughttogetheranddeliveredtotheaudience.LikeNolan’s
previous film, TENET also imbued a theme that was hard for the general audience to approach and gave
themavarietyofthingstothinkaboutbesidesinversion,suchasmultiverseandgrandfatherparadox.
Hemadethemoviewithvariousthemes,butalsomadethemovieeye-pleasingthatisperfectforasingle
action blockbuster. However, through this article, The Argus hopes that HUFSans will find the pleasure of
discoveringtheimplicationsofthemovie,andthecontentsintheblindspotsoftheTENET.
hk9816@hufs.ac.kr
*People who helped with the article are professor Son Seung-woo who analyzed TENET on the Youtube channel
“ScienceandPeople”,andprofessorKimHeung-sik,oftheDepartmentofPhysicsatKangwonNationalUniversity.
21
NOVEMBER 2020
Maxwell’sdemon
ⓒWikipedia/Htkym
▲Accordingtothethoughtexperiment,ademonsortsoutthemoleculesbytheirspeed
In the early part of the movie, in which a doctor explains the inversion to the protagonist, someone would see
the interesting writing on the whiteboard. The two professors commonly pointed out Maxwell’s demon about the
possibility of inversion. This is a thought experiment that James Maxwell, the father of modern electromagnetics,
imaginedasaconditionforentropytodecrease.
Maxwell once fancied the demon who can defy the second law of thermodynamics. If the demon sorts out
molecules in a barrel in both directions according to the velocities of the molecules, then entropy will decrease.
Moreover, molecular kinetic energy is directly related to temperature, so that there will be a thermal difference in
bothsidesofthebarrel.Mostimportantconditionisthatthethoughtexperimentdoesnotviolatetheisolatedsystem.
Thedemondoesnotuseenergytosort,butcontinuestoorientthedirection.
Unfortunately, it was actually proven that such a demon cannot exist. Thermal and quantum fluctuations
immediately disturb the demon’s work. The second law always wins. Another problem is whether time travel is
possible when the inversion is realized. So, Nolan painted with imagination on a theoretical background in the
TENET;butitwillnotbeeasytoproveitempirically.
Christopher Nolan began with the single premise that negating the second law of thermodynamics, to
unfoldfilminvariousdirections;andheneatlybroughttogetheranddeliveredtotheaudience.LikeNolan’s
previous film, TENET also imbued a theme that was hard for the general audience to approach and gave
themavarietyofthingstothinkaboutbesidesinversion,suchasmultiverseandgrandfatherparadox.
Hemadethemoviewithvariousthemes,butalsomadethemovieeye-pleasingthatisperfectforasingle
action blockbuster. However, through this article, The Argus hopes that HUFSans will find the pleasure of
discoveringtheimplicationsofthemovie,andthecontentsintheblindspotsoftheTENET.
hk9816@hufs.ac.kr
*People who helped with the article are professor Son Seung-woo who analyzed TENET on the Youtube channel
“ScienceandPeople”,andprofessorKimHeung-sik,oftheDepartmentofPhysicsatKangwonNationalUniversity.
21
NOVEMBER 2020
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