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Tongues
had lost what they once called home; under Roman rule the
TheHistoryofHebrew
Judah lands were officially called Syria-Palaestina. However,
the Jews who stayed in this region and the diaspora continued
to preserve the Hebrew language in their culture and religion,
Hebrew’sorigin
Hebrew was the language of the Jews who lived in the Land
which prevented the complete extermination of Hebrew as a
of Israel, located in the Southern Levant. It branches from a
language.
SemiticlanguageknownasCanaaniteandisapartoftheAfro-
Asanextinctlanguage,Hebrewcontinuedtoexistinvarious
Asiatic language family. There are records of Hebrew usage
religionrites,songs,andprayersoftheJewishpeople.Further,
datingbacktothe10thcenturyBCE.Thatis,itcanbesaidthat
the written language still existed in the religious texts of the
it was actively used as far back as 30 centuries ago, but it is
Jews.TheyknewhowtowriteinHebrewandwouldsometimes
knowntohaveflourishedasaspokenlanguageintheKingdom
communicate in writing with Hebrew. Even though Hebrew
of Israel and Judah between 1200 to 586 BCE. Moreover, the
as an everyday language had disappeared, the language still
oldestHebrewtranscriptsdatebackto3,300BCE.
existed.
The word “Hebrew” itself comes from the biblical Hebrew
word“Ibri(?”.)?????Anadjectivemeaning“desert,”or“fromthe
Hebrew’sResurrection
other side,” the word was incorporated into ancient Greek as
In the early 19th century, Jews from all over the world
“Hebraios” and Aramaic as “ibray.” It crossed over to Latin
migratedtothelandoftheirancestorsintheSouthernLevant?
and became known as “Ebrau” in Old French. The word was
mainly the Palestine region. The Jews who had lived all over
Anglicized as “Hebrew,” the word we know today. There are
the world spoke all kinds of languages and the Jews of the
records of the word being used as the name for the language
Palestine region spoke Arabic. In order to communicate, they
sinceasfarbackas2ndcenturyBCE.
chose what they historically had in common?Hebrew?as their
universallanguage.ThisbecameanopportunityforHebrewas
aspokenlanguagetoberevived.
Hebrew’sdeath
Inparalleltothis,therewasanefforttoreviveHebrewwriting
Christ
inEurope.TheJewishpeoplehadkeptHebrewaliveinwriting
Jesus
even as they were dispersed. And, as a wave of nationalism
of
swept over the European continent, empires that were
ⓒChurch
constitutedofmanydifferentethnicgroupssplitupandinturn,
ethnic groups started grouping up. As Europe’s ethnic groups
each started solidifying their identities, the Jewish people were
also striving to grow their ethnic identity. They wanted to use
pureHebrew,whichwasmainlyusedforjustreligiouspurposes
atthispoint,asaneverydaylanguage.Jewishscholarswhohad
studiedHebrewindepthcreatedworksinHebrewortranslated
popular novels like Goethe’s Faust into Hebrew. Making
▲ShownhereistheJewishdiaspora’sspreadthroughoutEuropeandits
surroundingareas.
Hebrewaliterarylanguagewasawayofresurrectingit.
Between the 2nd and 4th centuries, the population that used
The parallel resurrections of Hebrew as a spoken and
Hebrewasitsmothertonguedisappeared.AtthetimeHebrew
literary language came together in the early 20th century. The
disappeared, the Roman Empire was in control of the region
HebrewwriterswholeditsliteralizationmigratedtoPalestine
where the Jewish people lived. In this region, ancient Greek
and joined the movement of the revival Hebrew as a spoken
and Aramaic held their place as the universal languages. The
language. However, there were notable differences between
Jews, who had a strong ethnic identity, had tried to revolt
spoken and written language as these movements had been
against the Romans numerous times, but it all led to failure.
developing separately before this point. Some differences are
The Roman Empire banned Hebrew on the grounds that they
saidtoexisttothisday.
were rooting out anti-Roman sentiments that stem from the
Hebrewidentity.Thispolicycoupledwiththealready-existing
CharacteristicsofHebrew
universallanguagesforcedHebrewintoextinction.
Even though the culture and people that Hebrew symbolized
continued to exist, they faced oppression under the strict
BiblicalHebrew
Romanrule,forcingmanyJewstomoveoutoftheirhomelands
This was the language that the original Hebrew speakers
into other lands. This was the start of the diaspora. The Jews
used. The language spans tens of centuries of usage, long
21
MAY 2020
had lost what they once called home; under Roman rule the
TheHistoryofHebrew
Judah lands were officially called Syria-Palaestina. However,
the Jews who stayed in this region and the diaspora continued
to preserve the Hebrew language in their culture and religion,
Hebrew’sorigin
Hebrew was the language of the Jews who lived in the Land
which prevented the complete extermination of Hebrew as a
of Israel, located in the Southern Levant. It branches from a
language.
SemiticlanguageknownasCanaaniteandisapartoftheAfro-
Asanextinctlanguage,Hebrewcontinuedtoexistinvarious
Asiatic language family. There are records of Hebrew usage
religionrites,songs,andprayersoftheJewishpeople.Further,
datingbacktothe10thcenturyBCE.Thatis,itcanbesaidthat
the written language still existed in the religious texts of the
it was actively used as far back as 30 centuries ago, but it is
Jews.TheyknewhowtowriteinHebrewandwouldsometimes
knowntohaveflourishedasaspokenlanguageintheKingdom
communicate in writing with Hebrew. Even though Hebrew
of Israel and Judah between 1200 to 586 BCE. Moreover, the
as an everyday language had disappeared, the language still
oldestHebrewtranscriptsdatebackto3,300BCE.
existed.
The word “Hebrew” itself comes from the biblical Hebrew
word“Ibri(?”.)?????Anadjectivemeaning“desert,”or“fromthe
Hebrew’sResurrection
other side,” the word was incorporated into ancient Greek as
In the early 19th century, Jews from all over the world
“Hebraios” and Aramaic as “ibray.” It crossed over to Latin
migratedtothelandoftheirancestorsintheSouthernLevant?
and became known as “Ebrau” in Old French. The word was
mainly the Palestine region. The Jews who had lived all over
Anglicized as “Hebrew,” the word we know today. There are
the world spoke all kinds of languages and the Jews of the
records of the word being used as the name for the language
Palestine region spoke Arabic. In order to communicate, they
sinceasfarbackas2ndcenturyBCE.
chose what they historically had in common?Hebrew?as their
universallanguage.ThisbecameanopportunityforHebrewas
aspokenlanguagetoberevived.
Hebrew’sdeath
Inparalleltothis,therewasanefforttoreviveHebrewwriting
Christ
inEurope.TheJewishpeoplehadkeptHebrewaliveinwriting
Jesus
even as they were dispersed. And, as a wave of nationalism
of
swept over the European continent, empires that were
ⓒChurch
constitutedofmanydifferentethnicgroupssplitupandinturn,
ethnic groups started grouping up. As Europe’s ethnic groups
each started solidifying their identities, the Jewish people were
also striving to grow their ethnic identity. They wanted to use
pureHebrew,whichwasmainlyusedforjustreligiouspurposes
atthispoint,asaneverydaylanguage.Jewishscholarswhohad
studiedHebrewindepthcreatedworksinHebrewortranslated
popular novels like Goethe’s Faust into Hebrew. Making
▲ShownhereistheJewishdiaspora’sspreadthroughoutEuropeandits
surroundingareas.
Hebrewaliterarylanguagewasawayofresurrectingit.
Between the 2nd and 4th centuries, the population that used
The parallel resurrections of Hebrew as a spoken and
Hebrewasitsmothertonguedisappeared.AtthetimeHebrew
literary language came together in the early 20th century. The
disappeared, the Roman Empire was in control of the region
HebrewwriterswholeditsliteralizationmigratedtoPalestine
where the Jewish people lived. In this region, ancient Greek
and joined the movement of the revival Hebrew as a spoken
and Aramaic held their place as the universal languages. The
language. However, there were notable differences between
Jews, who had a strong ethnic identity, had tried to revolt
spoken and written language as these movements had been
against the Romans numerous times, but it all led to failure.
developing separately before this point. Some differences are
The Roman Empire banned Hebrew on the grounds that they
saidtoexisttothisday.
were rooting out anti-Roman sentiments that stem from the
Hebrewidentity.Thispolicycoupledwiththealready-existing
CharacteristicsofHebrew
universallanguagesforcedHebrewintoextinction.
Even though the culture and people that Hebrew symbolized
continued to exist, they faced oppression under the strict
BiblicalHebrew
Romanrule,forcingmanyJewstomoveoutoftheirhomelands
This was the language that the original Hebrew speakers
into other lands. This was the start of the diaspora. The Jews
used. The language spans tens of centuries of usage, long
21
MAY 2020
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