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Prometheus
HowtoMakeanArtificialSun
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Materials:FuelforNuclearFusionReaction
The artificial Sun, like the real Sun, uses hydrogen for fusion. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe,
and the lightest at the same time, making it relatively easy to cause a fusion reaction. When trying to attach magnets
of the same pole, just as it is difficult to attach magnets due to the property of magnetic repulsion, atomic nuclei with
thesame(+)propertypusheachotheraway.Butasmagnetsofthesamepolecanbeinstantlyattachedtoeachotherby
pushingthemharderthanthepushingforce,fusionreactionscanoccurwhengreaterenergythantheforcetheydonot
wanttosticktoisapplied.Thelargerthenumberofprotonsinanelementwitha(+)poleproperty,thegreatertheforce
required,sohydrogenwithoneprotonisused.
However,fusionpowerdoesusehydrogen,butusesdeuterium*andtritium,*whichareisotopesofhydrogen.Tritium
is a radioactive material, but unlike fuels used for nuclear energy such as uranium, it is much easier to manage.
Currently,deuterium-tritiumfusionsareusedforfusionpowergeneration.OnEarth,wheretheenvironmentisdifferent
fromtheSun,afuseofdeuteriumandtritiumismoreadvantageousbecausethetemperaturecausingnuclearfusionis
relatively lower than that of hydrogen. Although deuterium-deuterium fusion is also possible, deuterium-tritium fusion
is considered as an optimal combination because of its better fusion
Magazine
reactionandbetterenergyefficiency.Deuteriumexistsinabout0.015
percentofseawaterandcanbesecuredindefinitelyunlesstheseawater
Focus
dries. On the other hand, there is a very small amount of tritium in
Science
seawater which makes it really expensive. Therefore, it is obtained
by reacting lithium with neutrons in a fusion device. Lee Sang-gon,
ⓒBBC
Principal Researcher at the Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, said,
“Lithium,knownaswhiteoil,isalsorichonEarth,about0.17mgper
literofseawater.Thisamountisalmostinfiniteforhumanstouse.”In
otherwords,fuelforfusionenergyisnotdifficulttoprepare.
*Deuterium, Tritium: An element having the same chemical properties as hydrogen, but having different mass. Most of the natural hydrogen is called light
hydrogenbecauseithasoneproton.Ifoneneutronisattachedtoit,itbecomesdeuterium,andiftwoneutronsareattached,itbecomestritium.
ConditionforProduction:HighTemperaturePlasmaandStrongMagneticField
Inorderfornucleitomeetandfuse,thetemperatureshouldberaised,andseparateelectronsshouldorbitthenucleus.
Thestateinwhichtheatomicnucleusmovesfreelyapartfromtheelectroninthiswayiscalledplasma.TheSunallows
plasmatosticktogetherwithoutscatteringwithitshightemperatureandstronggravity.Therefore,unliketheSun,the
Earth, which has a low temperature and weak gravity, a temperature of more than 100 million degrees is required,
whichisseventimeshotterthanthecentertemperatureoftheSun,inordertocausefusion.ProfessorLeesaid,“Astate
of high-temperature plasma of more than 100 million degrees is necessary for deuterium and tritium with the same
anodetoovercomeelectricalrepulsionandfuse.Ofcourse,thetemperatureisveryhighcomparedtotheSun,butitis
thelowestcomparedtootherpossiblefusionreactionsonEarth.”Assuch,itisimportanttomaintainahigh-temperature
stateinafusionreactor.
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