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consequences such as the promotion of
prescribed to livestock. In places such
University
super bacterial evolution or side effects
asKorea’sAnimalandPlantQuarantine
in patients. According to Professor
Agency,antibioticresistancetolivestock
Hopkins
Park Joong-chan, about 20 percent of
is continuously being investigated. The
individual patients requiring treatment
problemisthattheratetendstoincrease
ⓒJohns
are appropriate subjects to receive
continuously.” Antibiotics injection for
antibiotic treatment, but in fact, more
livestock is actually a bigger problem
than 80 percent of them are prescribed,
because they are prescribed at random
and50percentofthemevenhaveerrors
ratherthanbystrictstandards.Professor
▲Antimicrobialusagetolivestocksisknownto
contributesignificantlytotheemergenceof
in prescribed capacity and duration of
Park explains, “In developed countries,
superbacteria.
treatment.
antibiotics have already been banned
The cause of this over-prescription
to prevent infections. This is because
from being added to animal feed, and
is the excessive prevention ethos in
antibiotic administration to domestic
this step was taken in Korea as well in
the medical community. According
animals is effective in minimizing
2011.” Still, He raises questions about
to statistics collected by the Ministry
loss of nutritional ingredients through
the effectiveness of the policy, saying,
of Health and Welfare for medical
manure and improving feed efficiency.
“Even though the measures were taken,
personnel in 2017, 48.9 percent of over-
Feeding antibiotics to animals is known
the overall use of antibiotics in animals
prescriptions of antibiotics were due
tohaveagreateffectonproductivityand
ratherincreasedin2016.”
to concerns about worsening patient
economicfeasibility.
conditions, while 38.5 percent were due
However, the problem is that the
to patients’ needs. “Even ordinary clinic
indiscriminate use of antibiotics beyond
Lackofenoughinvestmentin
doctors are well-aware of this problem,”
medicaluseisahighlysignificantcause
antibioticdrugR&D
says Professor Park. “However, over-
of the advent of antibiotic-resistant
prescriptions, such as prescription of
bacteria. According to the U.S. Food
“If we do not solve this problem, we
antibiotics for the cold, a typical viral
and Drug Administration (FDA), more
will have10milliondeathsayearinthe
disease,occurfrequently.Thisisbecause
than 80 percent of antibiotics used in
world by 2050. The spread of antibiotic
eventhoughantibioticsdonothavedirect
the U.S. are consumed in agriculture
resistancehasemergedasamoreurgent
effects on the virus, sometimes it works
and livestock industries, many of
threat than global warming.” reported
against bacterial infections in the face
which are used on pigs and poultry. In
the United Kingdom’s Antimicrobial
of weakened immune systems, caused
America, where the livestock industry
Resistance Centre. The U.S. Centers
by the virus.” He adds, “In small clinics
is the most advanced, an analysis by the
for Disease Control and Prevention
where no professional examination is
Environmental Working Group in 2015
(CDC) also analyzed that antibiotic-
possible, doctors may not even be sure
reported that 80 percent of meat sold
resistant bacteria are currently causing
exactly whether it is a viral or bacterial
at supermarkets contained antibiotic-
23,000 deaths annually in the U.S., and
infection.Inthatcase,somedoctorsjust
resistant bacteria. Moreover, a study in
if left unchecked, more than 10 million
prescribeantibioticsasaprecaution.”
Chinafoundnumerousresistantgenesin
deaths will occur annually. Michael T.
excrementinpigfarmsusingantibiotics.
Osterholm, MD, and the chief director
Among these, the most prevalent
of Center for Infectious Disease
resistant genes turned out 28,000 times
ResearchandPolicyatTheUniversityof
Indiscriminateadministration
moreconcentratedcomparedtofarmsor
Minnesota(CIDRAP)believesthatifthe
ofantibioticstolivestockinthe
soilthatdidnotuseantibiotics.
problem is left unattended by 2050, the
livestockindustry
Professor Ko Kwan-soo says, “In
expectedcostwillreach$100trillion.
Away from the traditional use, cure
fact, the antibiotic market is bigger for
However, investment in such an urgent
of infectious diseases, antibiotics are
livestock than the antibiotic market for
matterisdeficient.ProfessorKoexplains:
added to livestock feed as growth
people. It is called differently, but the
“First of all, the problem is ‘the target
promoters and preventive additives
sameantibioticsthatpeopleareusingare
of antibiotics’ is lacking. Developing
19
MARCH 2021
consequences such as the promotion of
prescribed to livestock. In places such
University
super bacterial evolution or side effects
asKorea’sAnimalandPlantQuarantine
in patients. According to Professor
Agency,antibioticresistancetolivestock
Hopkins
Park Joong-chan, about 20 percent of
is continuously being investigated. The
individual patients requiring treatment
problemisthattheratetendstoincrease
ⓒJohns
are appropriate subjects to receive
continuously.” Antibiotics injection for
antibiotic treatment, but in fact, more
livestock is actually a bigger problem
than 80 percent of them are prescribed,
because they are prescribed at random
and50percentofthemevenhaveerrors
ratherthanbystrictstandards.Professor
▲Antimicrobialusagetolivestocksisknownto
contributesignificantlytotheemergenceof
in prescribed capacity and duration of
Park explains, “In developed countries,
superbacteria.
treatment.
antibiotics have already been banned
The cause of this over-prescription
to prevent infections. This is because
from being added to animal feed, and
is the excessive prevention ethos in
antibiotic administration to domestic
this step was taken in Korea as well in
the medical community. According
animals is effective in minimizing
2011.” Still, He raises questions about
to statistics collected by the Ministry
loss of nutritional ingredients through
the effectiveness of the policy, saying,
of Health and Welfare for medical
manure and improving feed efficiency.
“Even though the measures were taken,
personnel in 2017, 48.9 percent of over-
Feeding antibiotics to animals is known
the overall use of antibiotics in animals
prescriptions of antibiotics were due
tohaveagreateffectonproductivityand
ratherincreasedin2016.”
to concerns about worsening patient
economicfeasibility.
conditions, while 38.5 percent were due
However, the problem is that the
to patients’ needs. “Even ordinary clinic
indiscriminate use of antibiotics beyond
Lackofenoughinvestmentin
doctors are well-aware of this problem,”
medicaluseisahighlysignificantcause
antibioticdrugR&D
says Professor Park. “However, over-
of the advent of antibiotic-resistant
prescriptions, such as prescription of
bacteria. According to the U.S. Food
“If we do not solve this problem, we
antibiotics for the cold, a typical viral
and Drug Administration (FDA), more
will have10milliondeathsayearinthe
disease,occurfrequently.Thisisbecause
than 80 percent of antibiotics used in
world by 2050. The spread of antibiotic
eventhoughantibioticsdonothavedirect
the U.S. are consumed in agriculture
resistancehasemergedasamoreurgent
effects on the virus, sometimes it works
and livestock industries, many of
threat than global warming.” reported
against bacterial infections in the face
which are used on pigs and poultry. In
the United Kingdom’s Antimicrobial
of weakened immune systems, caused
America, where the livestock industry
Resistance Centre. The U.S. Centers
by the virus.” He adds, “In small clinics
is the most advanced, an analysis by the
for Disease Control and Prevention
where no professional examination is
Environmental Working Group in 2015
(CDC) also analyzed that antibiotic-
possible, doctors may not even be sure
reported that 80 percent of meat sold
resistant bacteria are currently causing
exactly whether it is a viral or bacterial
at supermarkets contained antibiotic-
23,000 deaths annually in the U.S., and
infection.Inthatcase,somedoctorsjust
resistant bacteria. Moreover, a study in
if left unchecked, more than 10 million
prescribeantibioticsasaprecaution.”
Chinafoundnumerousresistantgenesin
deaths will occur annually. Michael T.
excrementinpigfarmsusingantibiotics.
Osterholm, MD, and the chief director
Among these, the most prevalent
of Center for Infectious Disease
resistant genes turned out 28,000 times
ResearchandPolicyatTheUniversityof
Indiscriminateadministration
moreconcentratedcomparedtofarmsor
Minnesota(CIDRAP)believesthatifthe
ofantibioticstolivestockinthe
soilthatdidnotuseantibiotics.
problem is left unattended by 2050, the
livestockindustry
Professor Ko Kwan-soo says, “In
expectedcostwillreach$100trillion.
Away from the traditional use, cure
fact, the antibiotic market is bigger for
However, investment in such an urgent
of infectious diseases, antibiotics are
livestock than the antibiotic market for
matterisdeficient.ProfessorKoexplains:
added to livestock feed as growth
people. It is called differently, but the
“First of all, the problem is ‘the target
promoters and preventive additives
sameantibioticsthatpeopleareusingare
of antibiotics’ is lacking. Developing
19
MARCH 2021
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