총 32페이지

CoverStory 19
industrializedArgentinadiversifyingtheeconomyfrom
TheMessagetoUs
morethanjustagriculturalexport.
In1951,70percentoutofalllaborersreceivedbenefits
We should be careful of Korean policies only enacted
from the social security system. But in 1949, the
by the elite, not by the people’s collective will. These
Argentine economic crisis, accelerated by the global
days, however, public demands such as free school
economic downturn, grew worse. Increase in payments
lunchprogramandHalfPriceTuitionpolicyarequietly
led to a sharp increase in consumption, causing sharp
reflected. Like Lula, we have to enact our desired
inflation. Owing to pressure to increase consumption,
policiesbygatheringpublicopinion.
risingpricessurpassedthewageincreases,suchthatreal
Also, according to Kim Won-ho, Dean, Graduate
wages fell in Argentina. Last, the Argentine economic
School of International and Area Studies, we must be
infrastructurewasweakenedbecausePeronsquandered
careful not to be seduced by authoritarian populism.
thecountry’sfixedcapitalonnonproductiveenterprises,
Our society should recover the party system, reinforce
and thus GDP fell from 62.3 trillion pesos in 1948 to
civil society, relieve economic inequities, and help
49.3trillionpesosin1952.
the disadvantaged develop themselves to curtail the
numberofthemwhoareeasilyseducedbyauthoritarian
populism. To relieve economic inequities, we have to
ComparingTwo
help the poor people reach the middle class, and teach
the middle class proper democratic principals and
Commonpoints
Both implemented welfare policies for the
inspirethemtodeveloptheirhumanresources.
disadvantaged. Peron spoke for laborers who were
According to professor Ha, Lula gained popularity,
ignored for a long time, carried out policies reflecting
implemented welfare policies, and raised the Brazilian
workers’ demands, and helped them participate in
economymostlybecausehispartywasacoalitionparty
politics. Lula campaigned to eradicate hunger since
andgatheredmanyopinions.Wemustlearnthislesson
being elected. He set as his political goal, Fome
from Lula and stop criticizing welfare policies for no
Zero (Zero Hunger,) and for the sake of his goal, he
reason.
helped many poor people enter the middle class by
implementingconditionalwelfarepolicies.
Lula made Fome Zero important and cut the budget
Thanks to their policies, the disadvantaged, including
onotherpolicies,andbecausehedid,thenumberofthe
the poor and laborers, received social security, and
poor fell from 57.49 million in 2002 to 41.78 million
Argentinacovered70percentofalllaborersandBrazil
in 2007, and the number of the poorest fell from 23.35
covered30percentofthetotalpopulation.
millionin2002to14.64millionin2007.Peron,though,
superficially helped workers in order to maintain his
power,andwaseventuallyoustedbyhissupporters,the
Differentpoints
Lula implemented policies by gathering many
workers.Koreahastoprioritizewhatweneedmostand
opinions because his party was a coalition party. But,
cut the budget of policies less important. Also, Korean
Peron was dictatorial because he made his own party,
politicians have to truly care for the disadvantaged.
Partido Justicialista, the so-called Peronist Party, and
These days, it is said that opposition parties must be
he implemented policies maintaining his power as he
united. If a coalition party appears, we have to gather
gainedmanyvotesbycarryingoutsocialsecurity.
allouropinionsandimplementpoliciessoasnottoruin
As Lula was in a coalition party, his policies helped
theKoreaneconomy.Last,weshouldnotbeseducedby
national wealth, and with the Brazilian economic
authoritarianpopulism.
boom, the Brazilian economy increased sharply. But,
Peron was dictatorial and wasted the national budget
youngjoon92@hufs.ac.kr
by covering too many people too fast, and with the
economic crisis, the Argentine economy was greatly
damaged,andArgentinaunderwenteconomicdecline.
OCTOBER 2011

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