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WhatIsthe“NextSun”ofEarth?
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NuclearFusionEnergy:WhyIsItCalledanArtificialSun?
TheSun,theneareststartoEarth,canshineonitsown.TheSunisahotmassofgas,mostlymadeupofthelightest
element,hydrogen.HydrogennucleifusetogetherduetothehightemperatureandgravityoftheSun.Itgenerateslight
and heat because of this nuclear fusion reaction of hydrogen inside. The Sun uses nuclear fusion reactions to generate
about1017Wofenergyinjust0.0001seconds,theamountthattheworldusesinayear.ThisfusionreactionoftheSun
isexpectedtocontinueformorethan5billionyears.Thankstothis,alllifeonEarthcanliveandbreathenowandin
thefuture.
ScientistsarestudyingnuclearfusionasanewsourceofenergyfortheEarth.Fusionenergyisnewrenewableenergy
withnoneedtoworryaboutfuelbecauseitusesthesameprinciplesastheSuningeneratingahugeamountofenergy.
In this respect, a fusion reactor is called an “Artificial Sun.” Nuclear fusion in almost every star, including the Sun,
takes place in a way that hydrogen is converted into helium. Currently, fusion power generation has adopted the same
principle.Forexample,assumingthatonehydrogenatomhasamassof1.5andoneheliumatomhasamassoffour,if
you smash four hydrogen atoms together to form one helium atom, the remaining mass of two remains after making
helium.Inthisway,thereducedmassofenergyisreleasedinthefusionprocess,whichisfusionenergy.Fusionenergy
is safer than nuclear energy, which causes the risk of radiation exposure. It is a next-generation clean energy that can
compensatefortheweaknessofexistingalternativeenergythatiseasilyaffectedbytheenvironment.Therefore,experts
arefocusingonthesuccessoffusionpowerplants,artificialSuns,withthegoalofachievingresultsby2050.
NuclearPowervs.NuclearFusion:IsNuclearEnergyDangerous?
Thenuclearresearchthatpeoplearefamiliarwithisnuclearpower.Afterexperiencingseveralnuclearpoweraccidents
such as the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, opinions on nuclear research are still divided. In this situation, it is
natural that there are similar concerns about “nuclear” fusion power generation. However, nuclear power and nuclear
fusionresearcharedifferentregardinghowtogeneratethepower,whichisalsocloselyrelatedtothesafetydifference
between them. Nuclear power and fusion power both produce nuclear energy.
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Unlike thermal power using fossil fuels, they do not emit carbon dioxide, and
ⓒarbolbooks
unlike alternative energy sources such as hydroelectric power, wind power,
and solar power, they are also useful in that they are not restricted by the
environment.
However, nuclear power is achieved through nuclear fission. Everything in
the world is made up of very small atoms,* with a nucleus at the center and
electrons orbiting it. Nuclear fission generation uses energy generated when a
heavyelement,*suchasuraniumorplutonium,isdividedintoatomicnucleiand
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