총 32페이지

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CoverStory
becausetheydidnotreceivemedicalattention.In1978,
NegativePopulism?WhoisPeron?
he was elected as chairperson of the steel labor union.
In 1980, he organized Partido dos Trabalhadores (The
In Argentina, Peron
http://blog.naver.com/leopardl
Labor Party, PT) together with other union leaders
entered military school
and intellectuals. In 2002, he was elected Brazilian
in 1911 and after that
Presidentbyfullsupportofthecommonpeople.
he entered the Military
Ac a d emy. A f t e r
graduation, he served as
WhatLulaDid
a commissioned officer
Brazil has 50 million
and became a colonel in
http://cage.daum.net/knoukor
poor people out of a
the army. In 1943, Peron
population of over 200
participated in the so
million. The gap between
called 1943 revolution
▲JuanDomingoPeron
the rich and the poor
and played a key role
widened greatly in that
as a colonel in the army. Soon, he was promoted to
halfofthenationalwealth
a secretary of Labor and then secretary of National
was held by only 10
Defense.WhenhewasasecretaryofLabor,hesawthe
percent of the population
poor condition and circumstances of the workers, tried
and more than 60 percent
to embrace their dissatisfaction and demands, through
of national farmland was
whichhegainedtheirvotesandwaselectedPresident.
▲LuizInacioLuladasilva
ownedbyonly3percent.
To solve this situation, the Brazilian government
WhatPerondid
implemented the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT,)
which provides cash to the poor. Lula extended
TheArgentineeconomyhadgrownat5percentevery
CCT to cover more people, and implemented Cartao
year from 1860 to 1913 because of heavy agri-export
Alimentacao, which was managed by the Bureau of
to Europe. But, from 1914 to the 1940s, as Argentine
Food Security, which prepared and distributed food
exportfellsharplyduetotheFirstWorldWar,theGreat
to ward off starvation and secure food safety. He also
Depression,andthentheSecondWorldWar,theexport-
established Auxilio Gas, which was managed by the
orientedeconomybecamedepressed.Atthesametime,
Bureau of Energy, provided the poor through LPG,
a minority of the elite managed the politics, so the
Bolsa Escola, and Bolsa Alimentacao. In 2003, Lula
worker’sdemandswereneverconsidered.
combinedthese4welfarepoliciesandformedtheBolsa
WhenhebecamevicePresident,assecretaryofLabor
Familia (Family Allowance,) which covered more
and a secretary of National Defense, he instituted
people. As Brazil has a low national budget, procuring
a social security system covering all laborers. The
a social policy fund was difficult and its effectiveness
contents of this system were ensuring holidays and
and efficiency was noticeably low. So Lula reformed
vacation pay, relieving censorship of labor, and
fundamental social problems. For example, Lula
regulating the employers’ rights to fire employees. He
stopped importing combat planes and carried forward
alsoestablishedtheBureauofNationalSocialSecurity,
pensionreformforgovernmentemployees.
built cheap public housing, and secured from 10 to
Bolsa Familia was next extended and covered more
15 days of paid vacation with progressive legislation.
than 30 percent of the Brazilian people, including 11.4
During his first seize of power, he enlarged the social
million of the poorest of the poor. A pleasant side-
security system, which included augmenting holidays
effect of these welfare programs has been to increase
forlaborers,providedvacationbonuses,andestablishing
consumptionandrevitalizethedomesticeconomy.
insurance for accidents and disease. In 1948, he
established the Foundation of Social Aid run by his
wife,EvaPeron.Thisfoundationbuilt1,000schoolsout
of the 4,000 schools built from 1943 to 1950. Last, he
www.theargus.org

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