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18 Classics
WhoisClausewitz
The author, Carl von Clausewitz, was a Prussian soldier and military
theorist of the modern age. He was born on 1780 in the Kingdom of
Prussia.Whenhegrewup,hishomelandwasontheroadtoprogressunder
FriedrichII’smilitarysuccess.Influencedbyhisfather,whowasanofficer
inthearmy,heenteredthePrussianarmyattheageoftwelve.
WhentheFrenchRevolutiontookplacein1789,heenteredintowarasa
Prussian officer invading France and later served in the Napoleonic War.
Betweenthetwowars,ClausewitzenteredthePrussianMilitaryAcademy,
In school, he studied the philosophical writings of Kant, and met his
spiritual teacher, Scharnhorst. These academic experiences subsequently
helpedhiminhiswork.
After graduating first-in-hi-class in 1806, he served in the Army during
the Prussian Campaign when Napoleon invaded Prussia. Napoleon
smashed the Prussia army, and Clausewitz was captured and held by
France. He barely returned to his fatherland in 1807. He participated in
the reform of the Prussian army and confronted France at the Battle of
Waterloo,whichwasNapoleon’sdemise.
After the Napoleonic War, Clausewitz held many positions within
Prussian Army. In 1818 when he was promoted to Major-General, and
held that rank until his death by cholera in 1831. He served his nation on
the principals of his alma mater. During this period, he concentrated on
this crowning achievement of his career, based on his experiences in the
Napoleonic War, from which he distilled various principles of warfare
that tended to separate victor from vanquished, and from his Kantian
philosophicalviewofwarfare,whichhelearnedduringhisstudies.
Whatiswar
Clausewitz clearly defines the meaning of war as, “War is merely the
continuationofpolicybyothermeans.Thepoliticalobjectisthegoal,war
Immanuel Kant (AD.1724 - AD.1804, Up) and
isthemeansofreachingit.”Headds,“andmeanscanneverbeconsidered
Napoleon Bonaparte (AD.1769 - AD.1821,
in isolation from their purpose.” In spite of definitions of politics made
Down). They are one of the great names of
historyandfathersofthisbook
by scholars, for Clausewitz, politics means international politics, politics
betweennations.
If a conflict erupts between countries, it could be peacefully solved.
But,whenitcan’t,warisusedtosolvetheproblem.Theaimofwaristhe
realization of every country’s will through smashing the enemy nation’s
armsandmeansofresistance.Theartofwarispartoftheartofpolitics,
soachangeofmilitarytaticsisdependentontheartofpolitics.
For Clausewitz, war is limited to means, and not an object itself.
Politically, war falls into two classes: war for extermination, and war for
conquest,suchastoday’sfull-scalewarsandlimitedwars.Butanywarhas
many elements that can’t be outside of politics, and any victory results in
thepoliticalskill,suchassecuringallies.
Lastly,heemphasizesthat,“Warisameansofpoliticsandanywarcan’t
www.theargus.org
WhoisClausewitz
The author, Carl von Clausewitz, was a Prussian soldier and military
theorist of the modern age. He was born on 1780 in the Kingdom of
Prussia.Whenhegrewup,hishomelandwasontheroadtoprogressunder
FriedrichII’smilitarysuccess.Influencedbyhisfather,whowasanofficer
inthearmy,heenteredthePrussianarmyattheageoftwelve.
WhentheFrenchRevolutiontookplacein1789,heenteredintowarasa
Prussian officer invading France and later served in the Napoleonic War.
Betweenthetwowars,ClausewitzenteredthePrussianMilitaryAcademy,
In school, he studied the philosophical writings of Kant, and met his
spiritual teacher, Scharnhorst. These academic experiences subsequently
helpedhiminhiswork.
After graduating first-in-hi-class in 1806, he served in the Army during
the Prussian Campaign when Napoleon invaded Prussia. Napoleon
smashed the Prussia army, and Clausewitz was captured and held by
France. He barely returned to his fatherland in 1807. He participated in
the reform of the Prussian army and confronted France at the Battle of
Waterloo,whichwasNapoleon’sdemise.
After the Napoleonic War, Clausewitz held many positions within
Prussian Army. In 1818 when he was promoted to Major-General, and
held that rank until his death by cholera in 1831. He served his nation on
the principals of his alma mater. During this period, he concentrated on
this crowning achievement of his career, based on his experiences in the
Napoleonic War, from which he distilled various principles of warfare
that tended to separate victor from vanquished, and from his Kantian
philosophicalviewofwarfare,whichhelearnedduringhisstudies.
Whatiswar
Clausewitz clearly defines the meaning of war as, “War is merely the
continuationofpolicybyothermeans.Thepoliticalobjectisthegoal,war
Immanuel Kant (AD.1724 - AD.1804, Up) and
isthemeansofreachingit.”Headds,“andmeanscanneverbeconsidered
Napoleon Bonaparte (AD.1769 - AD.1821,
in isolation from their purpose.” In spite of definitions of politics made
Down). They are one of the great names of
historyandfathersofthisbook
by scholars, for Clausewitz, politics means international politics, politics
betweennations.
If a conflict erupts between countries, it could be peacefully solved.
But,whenitcan’t,warisusedtosolvetheproblem.Theaimofwaristhe
realization of every country’s will through smashing the enemy nation’s
armsandmeansofresistance.Theartofwarispartoftheartofpolitics,
soachangeofmilitarytaticsisdependentontheartofpolitics.
For Clausewitz, war is limited to means, and not an object itself.
Politically, war falls into two classes: war for extermination, and war for
conquest,suchastoday’sfull-scalewarsandlimitedwars.Butanywarhas
many elements that can’t be outside of politics, and any victory results in
thepoliticalskill,suchassecuringallies.
Lastly,heemphasizesthat,“Warisameansofpoliticsandanywarcan’t
www.theargus.org
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