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Japan’s territory and that Korea and Russia should not clash within their territory. On the other hand, in response to
theviolationofDokdoairspacebyaRussianmilitaryaircraft,theU.S.statedthatit“violatedSouthKoreanairspace,”
dismissingJapan’sclaimthattheincursionviolatedJapaneseairspacewhileaffirmingthatDokdoairspacebelongedto
SouthKorea.RegardingthebreachofDokdoairspace,U.S.DefenseSecretaryMarkEsper,duringtheDonaldTrump
administration,characterizedRussia’sactionsasa“violationofSouthKoreanairspace”andemphasizedSouthKorea’s
clear response. From the perspective of the U.S., which commands the South Korea?U.S. alliance and the ROK?U.S.
CombinedForcesCommand,itmaybeanaturalreactiontosaythatDokdoairspaceisSouthKorea’sairspace.Butsuch
actionhasattractedtheattentionofneighboringcountries,astheU.S.haslongmaintainedanambiguousstanceonthe
Dokdoissue.Russia,inthisinstanceunderthePutinadministration,alsostateditsdenialoftheinvasionsolelytothe
SouthKoreangovernment,anddidnotrespondtoJapan’sexpressionofitsposition.Thisledtoabacklashfrompolitical
circlesinJapan,questioningwhethertheinternationalcommunitywasrecognizingDokdoasaKoreanterritory.
The U.S. position on Japan’s unilateral claims over Dokdo can be seen as based on thorough calculations and
strategic considerations of national interests. The main concern of the U.S. regarding Asia is to address China’s
growing influence. In order for the U.S. to counter China in East Asia, both Japan’s and South Korea’s cooperation
are indispensable. Professor Woo cites the “Armitage-Nye Report” (2020) published by the Center for Strategic and
International Studies in the U.S., which has had a decisive impact on U.S. East Asia strategy and Japan’s security
policy.“Inthefifthreport,publishedafewyearsago,thephrase‘equalalliancebetweentheU.S.andJapan’wasused
to reiterate Japan’s security role. The emphasis on cooperation with Japan stems from a geopolitical understanding to
containChina,”ProfessorWooexplains.Strategically,theU.S.seekstocounterChinathroughalliancewithbothSouth
Korea and Japan. Under these circumstances, the diplomatic battle between South Korea and Japan over who owns
Dokdoisamatterofblurringtherelationshipbetweenthetwoallies,whowouldplayapivotalroleintheU.S.EastAsia
strategyofcontainingChina.BaeKyu-Sung,aresearchprofessorofPaiChaiUniversityKorean-SiberianCenter,adds,
“The issue of Dokdo between South Korea and Japan is not a priority from the perspective of the global strategy and
East Asia strategy of the U.S., nor from the perspective of national interest. The rift between South Korea and Japan,
exacerbatedbyJapan’scontinuingprovocationsregardingDokdo,onlyservesasanindependentvariableintheissueof
alliancesolidarityagainsttheongoingthree-prongednorthernalliancebetweenNorthKorea,China,andRussia.”The
U.S., based on a thorough strategy, is engaging in the territorial issue of Dokdo between South Korea and Japan in a
somewhatambiguousmanner.
4.FormulationoftheNotation“SeaofJapan”oftheU.S.in2023
InJapan’s2022NationalSecurityStrategy,whichwasrevisedforthefirsttime
News
in nine years, the phrase “the question of territorial sovereignty over Dokdo,
Japan
which is ‘our country’s own territory,’” shows Japan’s boldness to incorporate
ⓒThe
Dokdointoitsterritory.Inaddition,therecentU.S.decisiononEastSeanotation
reinforces Japan’s ambitions. On August 15, 2023, the U.S. Department of
Defense,undertheJoeBidenadministration,namedtheSouthKorea-U.S.-Japan
militarytrainingsiteonthehighseasnearDokdoasthe“SeaofJapan,”causing
controversy. The U.S. used the term “East Sea” during the first training in
▲ The U.S. Department of Defense officially
states the usage of the term “Sea of Japan”
October2022,butchangeditto“watersbetweenSouthKoreaandJapan”after
for the East Sea.
the South Korean government protested. Conversely, during the U.S.-South Korea military training on September 26,
2022,theU.S.militarylistedthesiteas“EastSea,”butchangedthenameto“waterseastoftheKoreanPeninsula”after
17
OCTOBER 2023
Japan’s territory and that Korea and Russia should not clash within their territory. On the other hand, in response to
theviolationofDokdoairspacebyaRussianmilitaryaircraft,theU.S.statedthatit“violatedSouthKoreanairspace,”
dismissingJapan’sclaimthattheincursionviolatedJapaneseairspacewhileaffirmingthatDokdoairspacebelongedto
SouthKorea.RegardingthebreachofDokdoairspace,U.S.DefenseSecretaryMarkEsper,duringtheDonaldTrump
administration,characterizedRussia’sactionsasa“violationofSouthKoreanairspace”andemphasizedSouthKorea’s
clear response. From the perspective of the U.S., which commands the South Korea?U.S. alliance and the ROK?U.S.
CombinedForcesCommand,itmaybeanaturalreactiontosaythatDokdoairspaceisSouthKorea’sairspace.Butsuch
actionhasattractedtheattentionofneighboringcountries,astheU.S.haslongmaintainedanambiguousstanceonthe
Dokdoissue.Russia,inthisinstanceunderthePutinadministration,alsostateditsdenialoftheinvasionsolelytothe
SouthKoreangovernment,anddidnotrespondtoJapan’sexpressionofitsposition.Thisledtoabacklashfrompolitical
circlesinJapan,questioningwhethertheinternationalcommunitywasrecognizingDokdoasaKoreanterritory.
The U.S. position on Japan’s unilateral claims over Dokdo can be seen as based on thorough calculations and
strategic considerations of national interests. The main concern of the U.S. regarding Asia is to address China’s
growing influence. In order for the U.S. to counter China in East Asia, both Japan’s and South Korea’s cooperation
are indispensable. Professor Woo cites the “Armitage-Nye Report” (2020) published by the Center for Strategic and
International Studies in the U.S., which has had a decisive impact on U.S. East Asia strategy and Japan’s security
policy.“Inthefifthreport,publishedafewyearsago,thephrase‘equalalliancebetweentheU.S.andJapan’wasused
to reiterate Japan’s security role. The emphasis on cooperation with Japan stems from a geopolitical understanding to
containChina,”ProfessorWooexplains.Strategically,theU.S.seekstocounterChinathroughalliancewithbothSouth
Korea and Japan. Under these circumstances, the diplomatic battle between South Korea and Japan over who owns
Dokdoisamatterofblurringtherelationshipbetweenthetwoallies,whowouldplayapivotalroleintheU.S.EastAsia
strategyofcontainingChina.BaeKyu-Sung,aresearchprofessorofPaiChaiUniversityKorean-SiberianCenter,adds,
“The issue of Dokdo between South Korea and Japan is not a priority from the perspective of the global strategy and
East Asia strategy of the U.S., nor from the perspective of national interest. The rift between South Korea and Japan,
exacerbatedbyJapan’scontinuingprovocationsregardingDokdo,onlyservesasanindependentvariableintheissueof
alliancesolidarityagainsttheongoingthree-prongednorthernalliancebetweenNorthKorea,China,andRussia.”The
U.S., based on a thorough strategy, is engaging in the territorial issue of Dokdo between South Korea and Japan in a
somewhatambiguousmanner.
4.FormulationoftheNotation“SeaofJapan”oftheU.S.in2023
InJapan’s2022NationalSecurityStrategy,whichwasrevisedforthefirsttime
News
in nine years, the phrase “the question of territorial sovereignty over Dokdo,
Japan
which is ‘our country’s own territory,’” shows Japan’s boldness to incorporate
ⓒThe
Dokdointoitsterritory.Inaddition,therecentU.S.decisiononEastSeanotation
reinforces Japan’s ambitions. On August 15, 2023, the U.S. Department of
Defense,undertheJoeBidenadministration,namedtheSouthKorea-U.S.-Japan
militarytrainingsiteonthehighseasnearDokdoasthe“SeaofJapan,”causing
controversy. The U.S. used the term “East Sea” during the first training in
▲ The U.S. Department of Defense officially
states the usage of the term “Sea of Japan”
October2022,butchangeditto“watersbetweenSouthKoreaandJapan”after
for the East Sea.
the South Korean government protested. Conversely, during the U.S.-South Korea military training on September 26,
2022,theU.S.militarylistedthesiteas“EastSea,”butchangedthenameto“waterseastoftheKoreanPeninsula”after
17
OCTOBER 2023
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