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Caduceus
duetothehotweather.Sulfur,whichispresentincurrypowder
sapiens originated in sub-Saharan Africa around 0.2 million
andcumin,isreleasedthroughskinporesandmaycauseodor.
years to 0.3 million years ago and later moved to other
Inotherwords,peoplewhousuallyeatcertainfoodmaysmell
regions. Professor Kim states, “The fact that the genetic
likethefoodandthisfactshouldnotbeabusedasanexcuseto
variation of Africans is overwhelmingly larger than that of
justifyracistdiscriminationthatrejectscertaingroupsfortheir
Europeans, Asians, and Americans demonstrates the single-
body odors. The distinctive smells of people from different
origin hypothesis.” In other words, the genetic diversity of
cultures are one of the natural phenomena resulting from
people in other regions is included in the genetic diversity
genetic diversity and different eating habits. Furthermore, it is
of Africans, indicating that human beings were rooted in
ahastygeneralizationthatpeoplelivinginthesameregionall
Africa and spread throughout the world. The single-origin
smellthesamebecausehumanbeingsarenotonlygenetically
hypothesis assumes that homo sapiens moved to other regions
diversebutalsoeatinghabitsdifferbetweenpeopleeveninthe
and exterminated all of the other Archaic Homo in the same
sameethnicgroup,andexceptionsalwaysexist.
homogenus.However,in2011whenSwedishgeneticistSvante
Paabo found that modern Europeans and Asians have unique
DNAofNeandertals,oneoftheArchaicHomointhehominid
*ResidentFlora:Thenon-pathogenicbacteriaarepresentinthehumanbody.
lineage, unlike Africans, the single-origin hypothesis seemed
tofalter.Still,thefactthatmodernhumansallbelongtoHomo
sapiens remains. Svante Paabo found that some Homo sapiens
GeneticDiversityofHumanBeings
interbredwithNeandertalslivingonothercontinentsincluding
Asia and the Middle East. In other words, it is an obvious
HomoSapiens:SameSpeciesofHumankind
fact that modern human beings are in the common species,
Homo sapiens, but their genetic diversity increased through
Academy
interbreedingwithNeandertalsintheprocessofevolution.
ⓒKhan
GeneticContradictionsofSkinColorClassification
People on Earth are genetically close to each other but at
the same time diverse. Human beings’ genetic diversity is so
complex that they never can be classified into three “colors.”
Thisappallingpointofviewistheproductofracismanddoes
not reflect the genetic history of humans. After Homo sapiens
▲Homo Sapiens move out of Africa to forage for food and reach other
appeared in Africa, the ancestors of the Khoi-San hunter-
continents.
gatherers who lived in South Africa branched off from the
As hominids moved to other regions outside of Africa, they
root for the first time. Subsequently, the ancestors of ethnic
began to diversify externally and genetically. Kim Jun-hong,
groups living in the rainforests of Central Africa, East, and
Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences at Pohang
University of Science and Technology, says, “Changes in
ⓒCell
lifestyles and environment led hominids to migrate to other
continents.” Long before 1.8 million years ago, all human
beings still lived on fruits and the roots of trees. Afterward,
as time went by, they started to hunt animals. However, at the
same time, the climate changed rapidly, with the ice age and
interglacial period repeating several times. As a result, forests
gradually disappeared. Herbivores that human beings preyed
on moved to other regions to find new habitats and hominids
followedtheseanimalsandmigratedthroughouttheworld.
▲Colored circles indicate ancient DNA, while gray circles indicate present-
Modern humans belong to the same species called “Homo
day individuals. This chart shows the variety of the genetic characteristics
sapiens.” According to the single-origin hypothesis, homo
ofAfricanethnicgroups.
17
MAY 2023
duetothehotweather.Sulfur,whichispresentincurrypowder
sapiens originated in sub-Saharan Africa around 0.2 million
andcumin,isreleasedthroughskinporesandmaycauseodor.
years to 0.3 million years ago and later moved to other
Inotherwords,peoplewhousuallyeatcertainfoodmaysmell
regions. Professor Kim states, “The fact that the genetic
likethefoodandthisfactshouldnotbeabusedasanexcuseto
variation of Africans is overwhelmingly larger than that of
justifyracistdiscriminationthatrejectscertaingroupsfortheir
Europeans, Asians, and Americans demonstrates the single-
body odors. The distinctive smells of people from different
origin hypothesis.” In other words, the genetic diversity of
cultures are one of the natural phenomena resulting from
people in other regions is included in the genetic diversity
genetic diversity and different eating habits. Furthermore, it is
of Africans, indicating that human beings were rooted in
ahastygeneralizationthatpeoplelivinginthesameregionall
Africa and spread throughout the world. The single-origin
smellthesamebecausehumanbeingsarenotonlygenetically
hypothesis assumes that homo sapiens moved to other regions
diversebutalsoeatinghabitsdifferbetweenpeopleeveninthe
and exterminated all of the other Archaic Homo in the same
sameethnicgroup,andexceptionsalwaysexist.
homogenus.However,in2011whenSwedishgeneticistSvante
Paabo found that modern Europeans and Asians have unique
DNAofNeandertals,oneoftheArchaicHomointhehominid
*ResidentFlora:Thenon-pathogenicbacteriaarepresentinthehumanbody.
lineage, unlike Africans, the single-origin hypothesis seemed
tofalter.Still,thefactthatmodernhumansallbelongtoHomo
sapiens remains. Svante Paabo found that some Homo sapiens
GeneticDiversityofHumanBeings
interbredwithNeandertalslivingonothercontinentsincluding
Asia and the Middle East. In other words, it is an obvious
HomoSapiens:SameSpeciesofHumankind
fact that modern human beings are in the common species,
Homo sapiens, but their genetic diversity increased through
Academy
interbreedingwithNeandertalsintheprocessofevolution.
ⓒKhan
GeneticContradictionsofSkinColorClassification
People on Earth are genetically close to each other but at
the same time diverse. Human beings’ genetic diversity is so
complex that they never can be classified into three “colors.”
Thisappallingpointofviewistheproductofracismanddoes
not reflect the genetic history of humans. After Homo sapiens
▲Homo Sapiens move out of Africa to forage for food and reach other
appeared in Africa, the ancestors of the Khoi-San hunter-
continents.
gatherers who lived in South Africa branched off from the
As hominids moved to other regions outside of Africa, they
root for the first time. Subsequently, the ancestors of ethnic
began to diversify externally and genetically. Kim Jun-hong,
groups living in the rainforests of Central Africa, East, and
Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences at Pohang
University of Science and Technology, says, “Changes in
ⓒCell
lifestyles and environment led hominids to migrate to other
continents.” Long before 1.8 million years ago, all human
beings still lived on fruits and the roots of trees. Afterward,
as time went by, they started to hunt animals. However, at the
same time, the climate changed rapidly, with the ice age and
interglacial period repeating several times. As a result, forests
gradually disappeared. Herbivores that human beings preyed
on moved to other regions to find new habitats and hominids
followedtheseanimalsandmigratedthroughouttheworld.
▲Colored circles indicate ancient DNA, while gray circles indicate present-
Modern humans belong to the same species called “Homo
day individuals. This chart shows the variety of the genetic characteristics
sapiens.” According to the single-origin hypothesis, homo
ofAfricanethnicgroups.
17
MAY 2023
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