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Diachrony
beneutral,”explainingthebackgroundofthechangeintheU.S.position.Itwasactuallyfromthistimethattheposition
oftheU.S.towardstheDokdoissueshiftedtowardstrategicambiguity,apositionitmaintainedforseveraldecades.
2.EnactmentofTakeshimaDayin2005andtheBeginningoftheDistortionofHistoryTextbooks
On March 16, 2005, the Shimane Prefectural Assembly, a local government
ⓒedaily
body in Japan, passed a bill establishing February 22 as “Takeshima Day.” In
response,Japan’scentralgovernmentsaid,“Thisisanindependentactiontaken
by the local council, and it is beyond the purview of the central government
to intervene.” The Japanese government’s stance of avoiding responsibility on
the grounds that it falls outside its jurisdiction has quietly strengthened the
claim that Dokdo is Japanese territory. This escalated into a conflict between
the central governments and local governments of South Korea and Japan,
▲ Japan holds annual events to celebrate
“TakeshimaDay.”
bringingtheterritorialissuetotheforefront.In2008,theJapaneseMinistryof
Education,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnologydesignatedDokdoas“Japan’sterritory”inthenewmiddleschool
socialstudiesguidesandexplanatorymaterials,whichhavebeenusedsince2012.Assuch,Japan’sambitionsforDokdo
becameprogressivelyapparent.
TheJapanesegovernment’sterritorialclaimstoDokdobeganin1993,butitwasnotuntil2005thattheseclaimsbegan
tomanifestprominently.Overaspanofapproximately17years,fromtheadministrationofJunichiroKoizumiin2005
tothepresent,Japan’sdefensewhitepapershaveconsistentlyassertedthatDokdoisJapaneseterritory.Itisworthnoting
thatSouthKoreahasalsomaintainedasteadfastresponsetoJapan’scontentiousclaims.In2006,whenaJapaneseprobe
attemptedtoentertheseasurroundingDokdo,whichispartofSouthKorea’sterritorialwaters,SouthKorea’sleaderat
thetime,RohMoo-hyun,orderedaguardaroundDokdoandthedestructionofallincomingJapaneseprobes.Alarmed
bySouthKorea’sassertiveresponse,Japanabandoneditsexplorationplans,andtheconflictcametoanend.However,
there was a larger ember hidden in the seemingly extinguished fire. According to Yuji Hosaka, a professor at Sejong
University,Japan’splantoapproachDokdothroughaprobewasinfluencedbyShinzoAbe.ProfessorHosakaexplains,“It
istruethatShinzoAbe,whowasthechiefcabinetsecretaryatthetimewhenJunichiroKoizumiwasprimeministerof
Japan,madesuchaproposal.”WiththeinaugurationoftheAbeadministrationinDecember2012,debateontheissue
beganinearnest,withcallstoelevateTakeshimaDayasanationwideevent.
Since the Abe administration took office, attempts to distort history have
Times
become more frequent and intense. This stems from the characteristics of the
Japan
political forces. Former prime minister Abe belongs to a neo-conservative
ⓒThe
political faction that emerged in the mid-to-late 1980s within the Liberal
DemocraticParty,Japan’sconservativeparty.Theneoconservativesareayoung
political force that seeks to rewrite Japan’s history as a postwar generation
thatdidnotdirectlyexperienceWorldWarII.Inotherwords,itseekstorevise
history and restore Japan’s declining status. In the early 1980s, various hidden
▲ Junichiro Koizumi served as Japanese
prime minister from 2001 to 2006.
evils of Japanese society began to surface due to the prolonged economic
downturn.Underthesecircumstances,JapanwasindangeroflosingitsstatusasthenexthegemonfollowingtheU.S.
ShinzoAbesoughttorestoreJapan’snationalstandingbasedonthe“NormalStateTheory.”TheNormalStateTheory
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OCTOBER 2023

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