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thantheirown.Thiscanbesaidnotonly
to have a mutual exchange of opinions.
easily pass the screening system and go
of textbook authors, but of academic
A staff member of a private publishing
ontosparksignificantcontroversyinthe
circlesofhistoriansaswell,whopossess
company, Jihaksa, said that there was
publicsphere.
avarietyofviewsonhistory.
no interchange about contents after the
The third reason for the ideological
The existence of various views on
writing team was made. The system is
conflict in textbook adoption is the
history has been established by a
still being implemented but the scholars
attempts by interest groups to exert
theory. Leopold von Ran’ke, a German
arenotabletoutilizeit.
politicalpowerintheworldofeducation
historicalscholar,soughttowritehistory
The second reason for ideological
by affecting textbooks. Textbooks are
with positivism. This means he focused
conflict in the educational world is that
intended to be learning materials that
on objective fact, only. In the case of
the textbook screening system was
deliver the absolute truth to students. A
Benedetto Croce, an Italian history
poorly constructed. The system did
HUFS student named Lee Myeong-seo,
scholar, he focused on relativism. In
provide an opportunity to showcase
who belongs to Dept. of Indian Studies,
the relativist view, anything an author
differing views on historical events
said, “As a university student, I think
writes can be history but there is still
but the contents of a textbook based
that all of the knowledge in a textbook
controversyastowhetheritistrueornot.
on various views should be reviewed
cannot be completely true. Still our
Consideringtherelativistviewinregards
by others, for instance, scholars with
schoolsandteacherstaughtstudentsthat
to the recent issue about textbooks
prestige and teachers in the field of
itisthetruthandasastudent,Iaccepted
reveals considerable controversy. There
education. However, the current system
it. There may be the possibility of
isalsoasecondquestioncreatedbythis
doesnotallowthis.Inmakingtextbooks,
distortion, but it seemed that textbooks
conflict. What are both sides fighting
writersdonothaveenoughtimetofactor
in my school days were full of absolute
for? Is it a conflict between ideologies
inandincludecompendiouscontentsand
truth.”Then,howdoesastudentinhigh
with each side fighting for hegemony?
ittakesalittlelessthanayeartofinisha
school nowadays feel? A student named
If the conflict is based on political
textbook.Additionally,whilescreeninga
KimJin-seofromHaeundaeGirls’High
motivations, can it be seen as a fight for
textbook, there are few people who take
School said, “The textbooks that I am
the most accurate historical education
partintheexaminationduetobudgetary
learning from now may lack in terms
forstudents?
deficits and they are only given little
of the quantity of contents but I make
time to review it. For example, in 2011,
up for that with other reference books.
the number of examinants for a history
But I never thought that the contents
Thebackgroundoftheconflict
textbookusedinmiddleschoolswas26,
or knowledge in textbook might be
Then, why is there an ideological
while 15 examinants were used to for
fabricated.”
conflictintheeducationworld?Thefirst
a high school textbook. Besides, their
TherearetwopoliticalpowersinKorea
reason is the textbook screening system.
review period was only about a month.
divided by leftist and the right wing
Thesystemwasadoptedtoencouragean
Due to these constraints, unsatisfactory
politicsthataretryingtoexertinfluence
exchange of opinions about a historical
textbooks for educational purposes may
over the process of writing history
event. Before adopting the system, all
textbooksanditcanbeseenthattheyare
history textbooks were published by the
ignoring the meaning and importance
government but the government decided
of textbooks. There are some harmful
toletgoofleadingtheprocessandshow
influences that have come from their
more respect for the diverse views of
exertions of power. First, it interferes
Education
Text
Historical
scholars. It was expected to promote
with the process of students acquiring
tool
book
records
interchangebetweenscholarsofdiffering
accuratehistoricalknowledgeduetothe
viewpoints but the scholars and writers
distortions created by writers’ historical
of textbooks work for private publishing
views based on political motivations.
companiesmakingitimpossibleforthem
Moreover, it makes students stuff their
NOVEMBER 2013
15

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