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In-depth on Culture
Images
Phenomenon3 Wishy-WashyGrammy
ⓒGetty
The Grammys have come under fire over controversy regarding evaluation criteria several
timesfornotpresentingclearguidelinesandapplyingstandardsthatarecontrarytopredictions
ofpublicopinion.Thefirstcontroversyiswhetherthecriterionismusicalityorcommerciality.
Thereisnoofficiallyannouncedstandard,buttheaward-winningfactorsoftheGrammyscan
be seen as musicality through the opinions of critics and commerciality through album sales.
AmongBeyonce’sBEYONCE,whichexcelledinbothmusicalityandcommerciality,andBeck’s
▲Beyonceperformsatthe
Morning Phase, which was recognized for musicality, Beck won the general field in the 2015
59thGrammyAwards.
Grammys.However,in2016,TaylorSwift,focusedmoreoncommercialaspects,beatKendrick
News
Lamar, whose musicality was more notable, and won the general field. In 2017, Beyonce’s
ⓒAP
albumLemonade,whichwasrecognizedformusicalitybycritics,wasnominatedforAlbumof
theYear.Adele’salbum25wontheAlbumoftheYearwith20millionrecordsofalbumsales,
althoughcriticsrateditsmusicalitylowerthanthatofBeyonce’s.
On the basis of Taylor Swift and Adele winning the Grammy Awards for outstanding
commerciality in 2016 and 2017, the New York Times and other media predicted that Drake’s
▲BillieEilishandhisbrother
showherGrammytrophies.
albumScorpion,arecorderofmassivealbumsales,wouldwintheAlbumoftheYearin2018.
But the Grammys suddenly changed the award criterion to musicality. Casey, who made a new attempt in country music,
wontheAlbumoftheYear,althoughheralbumwaslesscommercialthanDrake’s.Asaresultofthis,thepubliccriticized
theGrammys’standardforbeinginconsistent.Inaddition,beforethe2020GrammyAwards,theGrammyshadbeencalled
outfornotfavoringsongsoftheyoungergeneration.Theninthe2020GrammyAwards,allfourawardsofthegeneralfield
wenttoBillieEilish,bornin2001.Inthesameyear,ArianaGrandedidnotwineitherinthegenrefieldorgeneralfield.
Cause1 White-centeredAmericanpopmusicindustry
NomatterhowmultiracialtheU.S.is,whitesarestillthemainstream. IsthereasonfortheracialbiasintheGrammys
because it started in a white mainstream society? Lee Gyu-tak, a pop culture critic and a professor of Culture Studies at
George Mason University Korea, said, “The cause of racial bias of the Grammys is not that the Grammys originated in
a white mainstream society, but that the American pop music industry has been run mainly by whites. The real cause is
thatthewhitemiddleclasshasahugeinfluencewithintheAmericanmusicindustry.”LeeHyun-Song,aprofessorofthe
DepartmentofEnglishInterpretationandTranslationatHUFS,said,“TheinfluenceandpurchasingpoweroftheEuropean
white mainstream society in the American music industry is overwhelming. Also, since the group that leads pop culture
is the educated white middle class, music that is interesting to them is likely to be nominated for the Grammy Awards.”
Accordingtotheprofessors,thecauseoftheGrammys’racialbiasisthatthepowerfulgroupandthemainconsumersof
theAmericanmusicindustryareinthewhitemiddleclass.
Lee Ji-young, a visiting professor at Sejong University, explained that the Grammys’ racial bias was caused by the
gatekeeping of American radio. Radio stations are the center of the American pop music market. Because the radio
reproduces the popularity of artists and music, record companies and broadcasters in the U.S. are intertwined. They do
notimmediatelyplaythesongsrequestedbythelisteners,andinstead,exercisetheirowndiscretion.Inotherwords,there
isaradiogatekeepingthatdoesnotimmediatelyreflectthepreferenceoflisteners,andthisisthecauseofdiscrimination
against people of color in the American pop music industry and the Grammys. For example, Dynamite by BTS was
broadcastseveraltimesonAmericanradiothankstoitsEnglishlyrics.However,LifeGoesOn,thenextalbum,was
not widely broadcast on the radio because of its Korean lyrics. Although listeners made multiple requests, the
requestsweregated.Musicthatfitsthepreferenceofwhitepeople,amajorgroupinthemusicindustry,has
beenbroadcastandgainingpopularityrepeatedly.
12
www.theargus.org
Images
Phenomenon3 Wishy-WashyGrammy
ⓒGetty
The Grammys have come under fire over controversy regarding evaluation criteria several
timesfornotpresentingclearguidelinesandapplyingstandardsthatarecontrarytopredictions
ofpublicopinion.Thefirstcontroversyiswhetherthecriterionismusicalityorcommerciality.
Thereisnoofficiallyannouncedstandard,buttheaward-winningfactorsoftheGrammyscan
be seen as musicality through the opinions of critics and commerciality through album sales.
AmongBeyonce’sBEYONCE,whichexcelledinbothmusicalityandcommerciality,andBeck’s
▲Beyonceperformsatthe
Morning Phase, which was recognized for musicality, Beck won the general field in the 2015
59thGrammyAwards.
Grammys.However,in2016,TaylorSwift,focusedmoreoncommercialaspects,beatKendrick
News
Lamar, whose musicality was more notable, and won the general field. In 2017, Beyonce’s
ⓒAP
albumLemonade,whichwasrecognizedformusicalitybycritics,wasnominatedforAlbumof
theYear.Adele’salbum25wontheAlbumoftheYearwith20millionrecordsofalbumsales,
althoughcriticsrateditsmusicalitylowerthanthatofBeyonce’s.
On the basis of Taylor Swift and Adele winning the Grammy Awards for outstanding
commerciality in 2016 and 2017, the New York Times and other media predicted that Drake’s
▲BillieEilishandhisbrother
showherGrammytrophies.
albumScorpion,arecorderofmassivealbumsales,wouldwintheAlbumoftheYearin2018.
But the Grammys suddenly changed the award criterion to musicality. Casey, who made a new attempt in country music,
wontheAlbumoftheYear,althoughheralbumwaslesscommercialthanDrake’s.Asaresultofthis,thepubliccriticized
theGrammys’standardforbeinginconsistent.Inaddition,beforethe2020GrammyAwards,theGrammyshadbeencalled
outfornotfavoringsongsoftheyoungergeneration.Theninthe2020GrammyAwards,allfourawardsofthegeneralfield
wenttoBillieEilish,bornin2001.Inthesameyear,ArianaGrandedidnotwineitherinthegenrefieldorgeneralfield.
Cause1 White-centeredAmericanpopmusicindustry
NomatterhowmultiracialtheU.S.is,whitesarestillthemainstream. IsthereasonfortheracialbiasintheGrammys
because it started in a white mainstream society? Lee Gyu-tak, a pop culture critic and a professor of Culture Studies at
George Mason University Korea, said, “The cause of racial bias of the Grammys is not that the Grammys originated in
a white mainstream society, but that the American pop music industry has been run mainly by whites. The real cause is
thatthewhitemiddleclasshasahugeinfluencewithintheAmericanmusicindustry.”LeeHyun-Song,aprofessorofthe
DepartmentofEnglishInterpretationandTranslationatHUFS,said,“TheinfluenceandpurchasingpoweroftheEuropean
white mainstream society in the American music industry is overwhelming. Also, since the group that leads pop culture
is the educated white middle class, music that is interesting to them is likely to be nominated for the Grammy Awards.”
Accordingtotheprofessors,thecauseoftheGrammys’racialbiasisthatthepowerfulgroupandthemainconsumersof
theAmericanmusicindustryareinthewhitemiddleclass.
Lee Ji-young, a visiting professor at Sejong University, explained that the Grammys’ racial bias was caused by the
gatekeeping of American radio. Radio stations are the center of the American pop music market. Because the radio
reproduces the popularity of artists and music, record companies and broadcasters in the U.S. are intertwined. They do
notimmediatelyplaythesongsrequestedbythelisteners,andinstead,exercisetheirowndiscretion.Inotherwords,there
isaradiogatekeepingthatdoesnotimmediatelyreflectthepreferenceoflisteners,andthisisthecauseofdiscrimination
against people of color in the American pop music industry and the Grammys. For example, Dynamite by BTS was
broadcastseveraltimesonAmericanradiothankstoitsEnglishlyrics.However,LifeGoesOn,thenextalbum,was
not widely broadcast on the radio because of its Korean lyrics. Although listeners made multiple requests, the
requestsweregated.Musicthatfitsthepreferenceofwhitepeople,amajorgroupinthemusicindustry,has
beenbroadcastandgainingpopularityrepeatedly.
12
www.theargus.org
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